{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121168672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2008.4711194","title":"Real-time face-priority auto focus for digital and cell-phone cameras","display_name":"Real-time face-priority auto focus for digital and cell-phone cameras","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121168672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2008.4711194","mag":"2121168672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2008.4711194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2008.4711194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091695146","display_name":"Md Tauhidur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0010-6388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076371436","display_name":"Nasser Kehtarnavaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-6359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasser Kehtarnavaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091695146"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95173068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"4","first_page":"1506","last_page":"1513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8197116851806641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.687201738357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6591120958328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camera-phone","display_name":"Camera phone","score":0.5922839045524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5738558769226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.5603320598602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.557151734828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5246413350105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5121957659721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autofocus","display_name":"Autofocus","score":0.4617031216621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4456440508365631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.43483322858810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-camera","display_name":"Digital camera","score":0.41655606031417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.3688596189022064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.31362831592559814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8197116851806641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.687201738357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6591120958328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147942929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210820","display_name":"Camera phone","level":2,"score":0.5922839045524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5738558769226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.5603320598602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.557151734828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5246413350105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5121957659721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103764139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210008","display_name":"Autofocus","level":3,"score":0.4617031216621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4456440508365631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.43483322858810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779705975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62927","display_name":"Digital camera","level":2,"score":0.41655606031417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.3688596189022064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.31362831592559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2008.4711194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2008.4711194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1638573433","https://openalex.org/W1974288458","https://openalex.org/W2064328587","https://openalex.org/W2073711670","https://openalex.org/W2082087395","https://openalex.org/W2084844503","https://openalex.org/W2106309274","https://openalex.org/W2107634464","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2142780715","https://openalex.org/W2163945819","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W4233204465","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4377942626","https://openalex.org/W6719979116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023044347","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W4312081214","https://openalex.org/W2142815151","https://openalex.org/W325114128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Auto-focus":[0],"(AF)":[1],"has":[2,36],"been":[3],"a":[4,20,24,30,65,74,111,119,125,134],"key":[5],"feature":[6],"in":[7,23,26,69,86,137],"consumer":[8],"level":[9],"digital":[10,103,167],"and":[11,142],"cell-phone":[12,105],"cameras":[13],"allowing":[14],"users":[15],"to":[16,28,42,159],"focus":[17],"automatically":[18],"on":[19,64,100,164],"particular":[21],"plane":[22],"scene":[25],"order":[27],"get":[29],"sharp":[31,75],"image.":[32],"Face":[33],"priority":[34],"AF":[35,157,163],"become":[37],"of":[38,52,77,91,139],"interest":[39],"lately":[40],"due":[41],"the":[43,58,70,78,87],"fact":[44],"that":[45],"most":[46],"pictures":[47],"captured":[48],"by":[49,117],"consumers":[50],"are":[51,93,144],"human":[53],"faces.":[54],"In":[55,108],"face-priority":[56,162],"AF,":[57],"focusing":[59],"decision":[60],"is":[61,115,150],"made":[62],"based":[63],"detected":[66],"face":[67,82,147],"area":[68],"image,":[71],"thus":[72],"capturing":[73],"picture":[76],"face.":[79],"While":[80],"many":[81],"detection":[83,148],"algorithms":[84],"exist":[85],"literature,":[88],"very":[89],"few":[90],"them":[92],"actually":[94],"suitable":[95],"for":[96],"real-time":[97,161],"software":[98],"deployment":[99],"resource":[101],"limited":[102],"or":[104],"camera":[106,168],"processors.":[107],"this":[109],"paper,":[110],"fast":[112],"face-detection":[113],"algorithm":[114,136,149],"introduced":[116],"combining":[118],"skin":[120],"color":[121],"model":[122],"cluster":[123],"with":[124,133],"computationally":[126],"efficient":[127],"shape":[128],"processing":[129],"scheme.":[130],"Comparison":[131],"results":[132],"standard":[135],"terms":[138],"robustness,":[140],"speed":[141],"accuracy":[143],"provided.":[145],"This":[146],"incorporated":[151],"into":[152],"our":[153],"previously":[154],"developed":[155],"rule-based":[156],"method":[158],"achieve":[160],"an":[165],"actual":[166],"platform.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}