{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171150461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2008.4560077","title":"Contrast enhancement by automatic and parameter-free piecewise linear transformation for color images","display_name":"Contrast enhancement by automatic and parameter-free piecewise linear transformation for color images","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171150461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2008.4560077","mag":"2171150461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2008.4560077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2008.4560077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112272795","display_name":"Chun-Ming Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49645291","display_name":"National Taipei University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzpph30","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49645291"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Ming Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Taipei Municipal University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Taipei Municipal University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49645291"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079416147","display_name":"Zong-Mu Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zong-Mu Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronic Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronic Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112272795"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49645291"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95667003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"2","first_page":"213","last_page":"219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"Histogram equalization","score":0.8344172239303589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7483704090118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.7077054381370544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6808636784553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-histogram","display_name":"Color histogram","score":0.6303116679191589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-space","display_name":"Color space","score":0.6013132929801941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.5913847088813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-normalization","display_name":"Color normalization","score":0.5895079970359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-histogram-equalization","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","score":0.5825522541999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5796525478363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-balance","display_name":"Color balance","score":0.573151171207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-correction","display_name":"Gamma correction","score":0.5191437602043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-space","display_name":"RGB color space","score":0.5095189213752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.4949313998222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-quantization","display_name":"Color quantization","score":0.4888247847557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4720630943775177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.4396301209926605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hsl-and-hsv","display_name":"HSL and HSV","score":0.422860711812973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-depth","display_name":"Color depth","score":0.414590984582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.346640020608902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2488827407360077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.8344172239303589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7483704090118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.7077054381370544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6808636784553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12043971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2636542","display_name":"Color histogram","level":5,"score":0.6303116679191589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2961294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166863","display_name":"Color space","level":3,"score":0.6013132929801941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.5913847088813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44404184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148620","display_name":"Color normalization","level":5,"score":0.5895079970359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30387639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680744","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","level":5,"score":0.5825522541999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5796525478363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159784718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182571","display_name":"Color balance","level":5,"score":0.573151171207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17916492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144257","display_name":"Gamma correction","level":3,"score":0.5191437602043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84216515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375677","display_name":"RGB color space","level":5,"score":0.5095189213752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4949313998222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173752661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1396414","display_name":"Color quantization","level":5,"score":0.4888247847557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4720630943775177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.4396301209926605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36372059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376492","display_name":"HSL and HSV","level":3,"score":0.422860711812973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91522604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690110","display_name":"Color depth","level":5,"score":0.414590984582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.346640020608902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2488827407360077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2008.4560077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2008.4560077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.467.3391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.467.3391","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://163.21.245.228/cmtsai/981Assessment/%E8%94%A1%E4%BF%8A%E6%98%8E%E7%99%BC%E8%A1%A8%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/Journal/Contrast enhancement by automatic and parameter-free piecewise linear transformation for color images.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490482062","https://openalex.org/W1533162639","https://openalex.org/W1597132678","https://openalex.org/W1641521418","https://openalex.org/W1765533502","https://openalex.org/W2012554041","https://openalex.org/W2015822415","https://openalex.org/W2034076462","https://openalex.org/W2097132342","https://openalex.org/W2097214222","https://openalex.org/W2098474470","https://openalex.org/W2101981311","https://openalex.org/W2108592292","https://openalex.org/W2109800313","https://openalex.org/W2116973876","https://openalex.org/W2118002060","https://openalex.org/W2124843241","https://openalex.org/W2127104787","https://openalex.org/W2136457673","https://openalex.org/W2138796229","https://openalex.org/W2139375301","https://openalex.org/W2139518764","https://openalex.org/W2140020980","https://openalex.org/W2144628669","https://openalex.org/W2150734623","https://openalex.org/W2154257987","https://openalex.org/W2159040314","https://openalex.org/W2169447236","https://openalex.org/W2241492064","https://openalex.org/W4247823854","https://openalex.org/W4256068510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094705558","https://openalex.org/W2734928352","https://openalex.org/W1969294188","https://openalex.org/W2360062918","https://openalex.org/W2077905365","https://openalex.org/W1981206111","https://openalex.org/W181903982","https://openalex.org/W2046520241","https://openalex.org/W2117507819","https://openalex.org/W2355910189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"contrast":[1,57],"enhancement":[2,43,58,100,104,115,153],"methods":[3,44],"have":[4],"four":[5],"shortcomings.":[6],"First,":[7,68],"most":[8,21,28],"of":[9,22,29,137],"them":[10,23,30],"need":[11],"transformation":[12],"functions":[13],"and":[14,55,118,128,147,154,179,188],"parameters":[15],"which":[16],"are":[17,24,31],"specified":[18],"manually.":[19],"Second,":[20,78],"application-oriented":[25],"methods.":[26],"Third,":[27,90],"performed":[32],"on":[33,165],"gray":[34],"level":[35],"images.":[36,62],"Fourth,":[37],"the":[38,86,91,103,135,138,159],"histogram":[39,144],"equalization":[40,145],"(HE)":[41,146],"based":[42,99],"use":[45],"non-linear":[46],"transform":[47],"function.":[48],"Thus,":[49],"this":[50],"paper":[51],"proposes":[52],"an":[53,166],"automatic":[54,117],"parameter-free":[56],"algorithm":[59,161],"for":[60],"color":[61,70,76,111,124],"This":[63,113],"method":[64,140],"includes":[65],"following":[66],"steps:":[67],"RGB":[69,110],"space":[71],"is":[72,82,94,106,116,141],"transformed":[73,107],"to":[74,84,109,185],"HSV":[75],"space.":[77,112],"image":[79,87,93,105],"content":[80],"analysis":[81],"used":[83],"analyze":[85],"illumination":[88],"distribution.":[89],"original":[92],"enhanced":[95],"by":[96],"piecewise":[97],"linear":[98],"method.":[101],"Finally,":[102],"back":[108],"novel":[114],"parameter-free.":[119],"Our":[120],"experiments":[121],"included":[122],"various":[123],"images":[125],"with":[126],"low":[127],"high":[129],"contrast.":[130],"Experiment":[131],"results":[132],"show":[133],"that":[134],"performance":[136],"proposed":[139,160],"better":[142],"than":[143],"its":[148,186],"six":[149],"variations":[150],"in":[151,181],"non-over":[152],"natural":[155],"clearly":[156],"revealed.":[157],"Moreover,":[158],"can":[162],"be":[163],"run":[164],"embedded":[167],"environment":[168],"(such":[169],"as":[170],"mobile":[171],"device,":[172],"digital":[173],"camera,":[174],"or":[175],"other":[176],"consumer":[177],"products)":[178],"processed":[180],"real-time":[182],"system":[183],"due":[184],"simplicity":[187],"efficiently.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}