{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2163313580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2004.1362523","title":"Design of portable biometric authenticators - energy, performance, and security tradeoffs","display_name":"Design of portable biometric authenticators - energy, performance, and security tradeoffs","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2163313580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2004.1362523","mag":"2163313580"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2004.1362523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2004.1362523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017243005","display_name":"D. Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3449-3675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D.D. Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082347771","display_name":"Ingrid Verbauwhede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Verbauwhede","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017243005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2313,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93402725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"4","first_page":"1222","last_page":"1231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8844700455665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-card","display_name":"Smart card","score":0.7877614498138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.6333435773849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6034091114997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5841097235679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5754132866859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.5746017694473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5469685792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.5097703337669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.43026870489120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3436643183231354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8844700455665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110406131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41349","display_name":"Smart card","level":2,"score":0.7877614498138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.6333435773849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6034091114997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5841097235679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5754132866859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5746017694473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5469685792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.5097703337669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.43026870489120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3436643183231354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2004.1362523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2004.1362523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.80.7166","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.80.7166","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.emsec.ee.ucla.edu/pdf/2004toce.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/73600","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gateway.newisiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=CCC&SrcApp=PRODUCT_NAME&SrcURL=WOS_RETURN_URL&CKEY=HWAN1222040050ID&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=CCC&SrcDesc=RETURN_ALT_TEXT&SrcAppSID=APP_SID","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 50 (4), Art.No. 4, (1222-1231)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8422120428","display_name":"Vlsi Design Methods for Low Power Embedded Encryption","funder_award_id":"0098361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59456078","https://openalex.org/W1559498407","https://openalex.org/W2033492521","https://openalex.org/W2130817593","https://openalex.org/W2132033424","https://openalex.org/W2150790017","https://openalex.org/W2154691736","https://openalex.org/W2200990711","https://openalex.org/W6602428569","https://openalex.org/W6682369751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094266434","https://openalex.org/W3014822659","https://openalex.org/W4389371618","https://openalex.org/W2117826006","https://openalex.org/W4362496757","https://openalex.org/W2566091814","https://openalex.org/W2114937328","https://openalex.org/W4312797710","https://openalex.org/W4200422973","https://openalex.org/W2050702995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biometrics":[0],"have":[1,21],"become":[2],"a":[3,44,54,90],"popular":[4],"means":[5],"for":[6,95],"access":[7,100],"control":[8],"and":[9,40,77,79,87,106],"authentication.":[10],"As":[11],"the":[12,38,50,72,82],"processing":[13],"power":[14],"of":[15,43,53],"embedded":[16],"systems":[17],"has":[18,67],"grown,":[19],"efforts":[20],"been":[22,68],"made":[23],"to":[24,60,70,80],"perform":[25],"biometrics":[26],"locally":[27],"on":[28],"constrained":[29],"devices":[30],"such":[31,97],"as":[32,98],"smart":[33,62],"cards.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"presents":[37],"design":[39],"consumer":[41],"application":[42],"portable":[45],"fingerprint":[46],"biometric":[47,61],"authenticator":[48],"with":[49],"form":[51],"factor":[52],"key":[55],"dongle":[56,86],"(as":[57],"an":[58],"alternative":[59],"cards).":[63],"A":[64],"thorough":[65],"investigation":[66],"performed":[69],"determine":[71,81],"tradeoffs":[73],"between":[74,85],"security,":[75],"performance,":[76],"energy":[78],"secure":[83,102],"partitioning":[84],"server.":[88],"Such":[89],"device":[91],"could":[92],"be":[93],"used":[94],"applications":[96],"automotive":[99],"control,":[101],"credit":[103],"card":[104],"payments,":[105],"related":[107],"authentication":[108],"scenarios.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
