{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115951051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2003.1205456","title":"Spreadspectrum image encoding and decoding using ergodic chaos","display_name":"Spreadspectrum image encoding and decoding using ergodic chaos","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115951051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2003.1205456","mag":"2115951051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2003.1205456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2003.1205456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058798153","display_name":"K. Murali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Murali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, India","Dept. of Phys., Anna Univ., Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Phys., Anna Univ., Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061884304","display_name":"Henry Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-107X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023889042","display_name":"K. Preethi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.S. Preethi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India","[Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020787040","display_name":"I. Raja Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0404-1291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94948490","display_name":"B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01fqhas03","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94948490"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I.R. Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Crescent Engineering College, Chennai, India","[Department of Physics, Crescent Engineering College, Chennai, India]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Crescent Engineering College, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94948490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Physics, Crescent Engineering College, Chennai, India]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94948490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5367,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83504295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"1","first_page":"59","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10244","display_name":"Chaos control and synchronization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10244","display_name":"Chaos control and synchronization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.7499165534973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6739159226417542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6130426526069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.5559160709381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5405027866363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5211367607116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic","display_name":"Chaotic","score":0.4995145797729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.49288153648376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4897587299346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaos","display_name":"CHAOS (operating system)","score":0.4313383102416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.42242181301116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3248743414878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32098716497421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.19435378909111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18438270688056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15015995502471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13958412408828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.09998443722724915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.7499165534973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6739159226417542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6130426526069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.5559160709381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5405027866363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5211367607116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.4995145797729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.49288153648376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4897587299346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779374083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011038","display_name":"CHAOS (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.4313383102416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.42242181301116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3248743414878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32098716497421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.19435378909111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18438270688056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15015995502471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13958412408828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.09998443722724915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2003.1205456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2003.1205456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W637047068","https://openalex.org/W1531625368","https://openalex.org/W1970442252","https://openalex.org/W1974423682","https://openalex.org/W1984315791","https://openalex.org/W1995463771","https://openalex.org/W2009770470","https://openalex.org/W2027425630","https://openalex.org/W2029071561","https://openalex.org/W2060759080","https://openalex.org/W2061695646","https://openalex.org/W2084344108","https://openalex.org/W2103941230","https://openalex.org/W2123696729","https://openalex.org/W2129332069","https://openalex.org/W2147299053","https://openalex.org/W2153459743","https://openalex.org/W2160759803","https://openalex.org/W2312450606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996543123","https://openalex.org/W2010761432","https://openalex.org/W4229074657","https://openalex.org/W2088132072","https://openalex.org/W2070047532","https://openalex.org/W2146363836","https://openalex.org/W2385405232","https://openalex.org/W1978322239","https://openalex.org/W2355206389","https://openalex.org/W645635828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"large-scale":[1],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,47,100],"wireless":[4],"communications":[5],"both":[6],"inside":[7],"and":[8,21,86,109],"outside":[9],"the":[10,44,54,84,91,98],"home-office":[11],"environment":[12],"has":[13],"led":[14],"to":[15,61],"an":[16],"increased":[17],"demand":[18],"for":[19,68],"effective":[20],"simple":[22,76],"spread-spectrum":[23],"technology":[24],"-":[25],"which":[26,58],"provides":[27],"secure":[28],"digital":[29,37,72],"communication":[30,38,73],"schemes.":[31],"Now":[32],"a":[33,63,69],"new":[34],"chaos":[35,70,77],"based":[36,71],"scheme":[39,93],"is":[40,59,81,88,94],"proposed":[41,92],"by":[42],"exploiting":[43],"ergodic":[45],"properties":[46],"chaotic":[48],"signals.":[49],"A":[50,75],"novel":[51],"approach":[52],"called":[53],"mean-value":[55],"estimation":[56],"method":[57,80],"adapted":[60],"propose":[62],"robust":[64,95],"noncoherent":[65],"demodulator":[66],"design":[67],"scheme.":[74],"on-off":[78],"keying":[79],"utilized":[82],"at":[83],"transmitter":[85],"it":[87],"found":[89],"that":[90],"even":[96],"in":[97],"presence":[99],"low":[101],"signal-to-noise":[102],"environments.":[103],"Further,":[104],"spread":[105],"spectrum":[106],"image":[107],"encoding":[108],"decoding":[110],"simulation":[111],"results":[112],"are":[113],"demonstrated.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}