{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416148792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2025.3631744","title":"Federated Principal Component Analysis for Vertically Partitioned Data","display_name":"Federated Principal Component Analysis for Vertically Partitioned Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416148792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2025.3631744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2025.3631744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2025.3631744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2025.3631744","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038516431","display_name":"Yiu\u2010ming Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-4648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiu-ming Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-4648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383751","display_name":"Yonggang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4548-1111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonggang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-7592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007147042","display_name":"Juyong Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-9686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juyong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-9686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043895556","display_name":"Feng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-2537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9432-5214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048843406","display_name":"Jian-Shu Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-2161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","School of Software Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-2068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17260987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"736","last_page":"748"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.6158000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.6158000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.040300000458955765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.03590000048279762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.620199978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5458999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5019000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.39239999651908875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.886900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.620199978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5458999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5019000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70061542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989016","display_name":"Distributed database","level":2,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3707999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182335926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093020","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","level":4,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24252448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7573786","display_name":"Sparse PCA","level":3,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184509293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5136711","display_name":"Clustering high-dimensional data","level":3,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2025.3631744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2025.3631744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-170985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-170985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2025.3631744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2025.3631744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Principal":[0],"Component":[1],"Analysis":[2],"(PCA)":[3],"remains":[4],"a":[5,80,87,103],"fundamental":[6],"technique":[7,106],"for":[8,50,107],"unsupervised":[9],"dimensionality":[10],"reduction.":[11],"However,":[12],"its":[13],"traditional":[14,145],"centralized":[15,146],"implementation":[16,150],"poses":[17],"challenges":[18],"in":[19,28,55],"the":[20,114],"context":[21],"of":[22,116],"increasing":[23],"data":[24,33,70,75],"privacy":[25,71],"concerns,":[26],"particularly":[27],"scenarios":[29],"involving":[30],"vertically":[31],"partitioned":[32],"across":[34,65],"multiple":[35],"clients.":[36],"To":[37],"address":[38],"these":[39,137],"challenges,":[40],"we":[41],"introduce":[42],"VFedPCA":[43],"and":[44,52,130,162],"VFedAKPCA,":[45],"pioneering":[46],"federated":[47,138],"algorithms":[48,60],"designed":[49],"linear":[51],"nonlinear":[53,109],"PCA":[54,63,78,147],"such":[56],"distributed":[57,66],"environments.":[58],"These":[59],"facilitate":[61],"collaborative":[62],"computations":[64],"clients":[67],"while":[68],"preserving":[69],"by":[72,86],"avoiding":[73],"raw":[74],"exchanges.":[76],"VFed-":[77],"leverages":[79],"local":[81],"power":[82],"iteration":[83],"strategy":[84],"enhanced":[85],"warm-start":[88],"mechanism":[89],"to":[90,99],"accelerate":[91],"convergence.":[92],"Meanwhile,":[93],"VFedAKPCA":[94],"innovatively":[95],"extends":[96],"this":[97],"approach":[98],"kernel":[100],"spaces,":[101],"employing":[102],"novel":[104],"weight-scaling":[105],"effective":[108],"feature":[110],"extraction.":[111],"We":[112],"validate":[113],"efficacy":[115],"our":[117],"proposed":[118],"methods":[119],"through":[120],"extensive":[121],"experiments":[122],"on":[123,142],"five":[124],"real-world":[125],"datasets,":[126],"evaluating":[127],"both":[128],"server-client":[129],"peer-to-peer":[131],"architectures.":[132],"Our":[133],"results":[134],"indicate":[135],"that":[136],"approaches":[139],"achieve":[140],"performance":[141],"par":[143],"with":[144],"methods.":[148],"The":[149],"code":[151],"is":[152],"publicly":[153],"accessible":[154],"at":[155],"<uri":[156],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[157],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://github.com/juyongjiang/VFedAKPCA\"&gt;https://github.com/juyongjiang/VFedAKPCA</uri>,":[158],"facilitating":[159],"further":[160],"research":[161],"application.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2025-11-12T00:00:00"}