{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389319177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2023.3338460","title":"Subband Cascaded CSP-Based Deep Transfer Learning for Cross-Subject Lower Limb Motor Imagery Classification","display_name":"Subband Cascaded CSP-Based Deep Transfer Learning for Cross-Subject Lower Limb Motor Imagery Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389319177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2023.3338460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2023.3338460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2023.3338460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/28410/1/FullText.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046895836","display_name":"Mingnan Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-4420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingnan Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","School of Electrical Engineering, Electronics & Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-4420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Electronics & Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030499511","display_name":"Rui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5634-5476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","Research Institute of Big Data Analytics, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5634-5476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Big Data Analytics, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064231927","display_name":"Mengjie Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-8679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjie Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design School, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-8679","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design School, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101571668","display_name":"Jiaying Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7455-8432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaying Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design School, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7455-8432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design School, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100699858","display_name":"Zidong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9576-7401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zidong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, U.K","Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9576-7401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375376","display_name":"Xiaohui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-1267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, U.K","Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-1267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2174,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78576038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"1172","last_page":"1185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8785848617553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.7979199886322021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7913185358047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5287727117538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5080828666687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4950844347476959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4362739324569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3528890311717987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.29613277316093445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8785848617553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.7979199886322021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7913185358047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5287727117538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5080828666687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4950844347476959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4362739324569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3528890311717987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.29613277316093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2023.3338460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2023.3338460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/28410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/28410","pdf_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/28410/1/FullText.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/28410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/28410","pdf_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/28410/1/FullText.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2627359578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KSF-E-34","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324032","funder_display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G393635681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KSF-E-34","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6206121827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RDF-18-02-30","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8342352111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61603223","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324032","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327794","display_name":"Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389319177.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965769973","https://openalex.org/W1980553000","https://openalex.org/W1997674733","https://openalex.org/W2005791255","https://openalex.org/W2038120455","https://openalex.org/W2052482368","https://openalex.org/W2113412631","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2132360759","https://openalex.org/W2136100745","https://openalex.org/W2142280324","https://openalex.org/W2152863712","https://openalex.org/W2159926136","https://openalex.org/W2163969766","https://openalex.org/W2168500935","https://openalex.org/W2507323946","https://openalex.org/W2529668197","https://openalex.org/W2787501644","https://openalex.org/W2790471600","https://openalex.org/W2794850264","https://openalex.org/W2861373854","https://openalex.org/W2895947121","https://openalex.org/W2903462437","https://openalex.org/W2963727766","https://openalex.org/W2971610554","https://openalex.org/W2989162087","https://openalex.org/W2990068415","https://openalex.org/W2995275011","https://openalex.org/W3015359842","https://openalex.org/W3019783530","https://openalex.org/W3022003141","https://openalex.org/W3041698047","https://openalex.org/W3090425814","https://openalex.org/W3097916785","https://openalex.org/W3100608728","https://openalex.org/W3106750432","https://openalex.org/W3112169080","https://openalex.org/W3115777743","https://openalex.org/W3118951605","https://openalex.org/W3119207288","https://openalex.org/W3122244891","https://openalex.org/W3123043868","https://openalex.org/W3155375835","https://openalex.org/W3161023006","https://openalex.org/W3182050915","https://openalex.org/W3194836659","https://openalex.org/W3213666303","https://openalex.org/W3217083308","https://openalex.org/W3217301525","https://openalex.org/W4213436958","https://openalex.org/W4214913902","https://openalex.org/W4242854822","https://openalex.org/W4282547510","https://openalex.org/W4285820411","https://openalex.org/W4288061928","https://openalex.org/W4307793342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W1513407214","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W3045772920","https://openalex.org/W2047816336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lower":[0],"limb":[1,26,72,103,179],"motor":[2],"imagery":[3],"(MI)":[4],"classification":[5,40,57,74,156],"is":[6],"a":[7,44,59,69,153],"challenging":[8],"research":[9],"topic":[10],"in":[11,28,47,58,113],"brain-computer":[12],"interface":[13],"(BCI)":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,67,87,172],"excessively":[17],"close":[18],"physiological":[19],"representation":[20],"of":[21,55,144,152],"left":[22],"and":[23,128,181],"right":[24],"lower":[25,71,102,178],"movements":[27],"the":[29,53,101,140,149],"human":[30],"brain.":[31],"Moreover,":[32],"MI":[33,73,105,111,155,162],"signals":[34,106],"have":[35,122],"severely":[36],"subject-specific":[37],"characteristics.":[38],"The":[39,94,115,164],"schemes":[41,117],"designed":[42],"for":[43,177],"specific":[45],"subject":[46],"previous":[48],"studies":[49],"could":[50],"not":[51],"meet":[52],"requirements":[54],"cross-subject":[56,70,154],"generic":[60,174],"BCI":[61,175],"system.":[62],"Therefore,":[63],"this":[64],"study":[65,147],"aimed":[66],"establish":[68],"scheme.":[75],"Three":[76],"novel":[77],"sub-band":[78],"cascaded":[79],"common":[80,134],"spatial":[81,135],"pattern":[82,136],"(SBCCSP)":[83],"algorithms":[84,121],"were":[85],"proposed":[86,116,165],"extract":[88],"representative":[89],"features":[90],"with":[91,118,125,139],"low":[92],"redundancy.":[93],"validations":[95],"had":[96],"been":[97,123],"conducted":[98],"based":[99,158],"on":[100,159],"stepping-based":[104,161],"collected":[107],"from":[108],"subjects":[109],"performing":[110],"tasks":[112],"experiments.":[114],"three":[119],"SBCCSP":[120],"validated":[124],"better":[126],"accuracy":[127,143],"running":[129],"time":[130],"performances":[131],"than":[132],"other":[133],"(CSP)":[137],"variants":[138],"best":[141],"average":[142],"98.78%.":[145],"This":[146],"provides":[148],"first":[150],"investigation":[151],"scheme":[157,166],"experimental":[160],"signals.":[163],"will":[167],"make":[168],"an":[169],"essential":[170],"contribution":[171],"developing":[173],"systems":[176],"auxiliary":[180],"rehabilitation":[182],"applications.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}