{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388819746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2023.3334010","title":"LC-TTFS: Toward Lossless Network Conversion for Spiking Neural Networks With TTFS Coding","display_name":"LC-TTFS: Toward Lossless Network Conversion for Spiking Neural Networks With TTFS Coding","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388819746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2023.3334010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2023.3334010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2023.3334010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/107480/1/Yang_LC-TTFS_Towards_Lossless.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773498","display_name":"Yang Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3714-1814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031886937","display_name":"Malu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-0974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018341980","display_name":"Jibin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0135-4188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jibin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025285243","display_name":"Kay Chen Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6802-2463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kay Chen Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032690182","display_name":"Haizhou Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099586","display_name":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data","ror":"https://ror.org/00z1gwf89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099586"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924","https://openalex.org/I4210099586"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100773498"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4197,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81947494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"1626","last_page":"1639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7821734547615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.7252558469772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6401421427726746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.49803757667541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.47407498955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-coding","display_name":"Neural coding","score":0.44992268085479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.41844719648361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.338815301656723}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7821734547615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.7252558469772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6401421427726746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.49803757667541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.47407498955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.44992268085479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.41844719648361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.338815301656723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2023.3334010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2023.3334010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/107480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/107480","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/107480/1/Yang_LC-TTFS_Towards_Lossless.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/107480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/107480","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/107480/1/Yang_LC-TTFS_Towards_Lossless.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1755174478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0035379","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2159245610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62306259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G250245310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A1687b0033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","funder_display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2509497248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"I2001E0053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320698","funder_display_name":"National University of Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2757623951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3616239415","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A18A2b0046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","funder_display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4651879208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0039734","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4714983331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6230625","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5706525165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5921878779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18A2b0046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","funder_display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6809183074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033253288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7668570403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0043563","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8504764422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0046094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8565926968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A2051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8709262538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A1687b0033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320698","funder_display_name":"National University of Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320698","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388819746.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388819746.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512746852","https://openalex.org/W1645800954","https://openalex.org/W1663984431","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1922655562","https://openalex.org/W1956021273","https://openalex.org/W1990323937","https://openalex.org/W1995536493","https://openalex.org/W2006370340","https://openalex.org/W2008008156","https://openalex.org/W2042407743","https://openalex.org/W2060561757","https://openalex.org/W2094721231","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2115086266","https://openalex.org/W2115831804","https://openalex.org/W2128949090","https://openalex.org/W2144404214","https://openalex.org/W2149535104","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164653071","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2233731247","https://openalex.org/W2290318471","https://openalex.org/W2314470091","https://openalex.org/W2442974303","https://openalex.org/W2519091744","https://openalex.org/W2524428287","https://openalex.org/W2526044239","https://openalex.org/W2603567530","https://openalex.org/W2623629680","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2775079417","https://openalex.org/W2800613970","https://openalex.org/W2892077605","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2898323475","https://openalex.org/W2904620099","https://openalex.org/W2921144622","https://openalex.org/W2952218014","https://openalex.org/W2963157821","https://openalex.org/W2963263347","https://openalex.org/W2963341071","https://openalex.org/W2964058413","https://openalex.org/W2964338223","https://openalex.org/W2977501091","https://openalex.org/W2981101011","https://openalex.org/W2984844508","https://openalex.org/W3005486893","https://openalex.org/W3007283957","https://openalex.org/W3015485199","https://openalex.org/W3016129867","https://openalex.org/W3023721287","https://openalex.org/W3035644810","https://openalex.org/W3092055689","https://openalex.org/W3097140984","https://openalex.org/W3099330747","https://openalex.org/W3102750118","https://openalex.org/W3104409553","https://openalex.org/W3108550376","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3153458041","https://openalex.org/W3169604371","https://openalex.org/W3175674467","https://openalex.org/W3186962187","https://openalex.org/W3188250490","https://openalex.org/W3190394743","https://openalex.org/W3194466034","https://openalex.org/W3196571547","https://openalex.org/W3200729277","https://openalex.org/W3213073654","https://openalex.org/W4213094647","https://openalex.org/W4221157818","https://openalex.org/W4245919820","https://openalex.org/W4285491622","https://openalex.org/W4298355310","https://openalex.org/W4382450050","https://openalex.org/W4384153949","https://openalex.org/W4386536395","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6640090968","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6686394896","https://openalex.org/W6689286705","https://openalex.org/W6726497184","https://openalex.org/W6727208969","https://openalex.org/W6749922295","https://openalex.org/W6754595668","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6757632829","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6771742384","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6796769690","https://openalex.org/W6796939779","https://openalex.org/W6839588911","https://openalex.org/W6847073052","https://openalex.org/W6850626707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2542565870","https://openalex.org/W4306175885","https://openalex.org/W4312604567","https://openalex.org/W4297619707","https://openalex.org/W4387390134","https://openalex.org/W4251092571","https://openalex.org/W2165312143","https://openalex.org/W2583316550","https://openalex.org/W3110622310","https://openalex.org/W3035016037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19,143],"biological":[1,27],"neurons":[2],"use":[3],"precise":[4],"spike":[5,11,103],"times,":[6],"in":[7,135],"addition":[8],"to":[9,14,60,80,130],"the":[10,95,102,147],"firing":[12],"rate,":[13],"communicate":[15],"with":[16],"each":[17],"other.":[18],"time-to-first-spike":[20],"(TTFS)":[21],"coding":[22],"is":[23,31,58],"inspired":[24],"by":[25,63],"such":[26],"observation.":[28],"However,":[29],"there":[30],"a":[32,50,74,81,91,109],"lack":[33],"of":[34,98,105,111,132],"effective":[35,53,71],"solutions":[36],"for":[37,149],"training":[38],"TTFS-based":[39,82,152],"spiking":[40],"neural":[41,77],"network":[42,54,78],"(SNN).":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,126],"put":[48],"forward":[49],"simple":[51],"yet":[52],"conversion":[55,72],"algorithm,":[56],"which":[57],"referred":[59],"as":[61],"LC-TTFS,":[62],"addressing":[64],"two":[65],"main":[66],"problems":[67],"that":[68,86],"hinder":[69],"an":[70,99,106],"from":[73],"high-performance":[75],"artificial":[76],"(ANN)":[79],"SNN.":[83],"We":[84],"show":[85],"our":[87],"algorithm":[88],"can":[89,127],"achieve":[90,128],"near-perfect":[92],"mapping":[93],"between":[94],"activation":[96],"values":[97],"ANN":[100,138],"and":[101,120,139],"times":[104],"SNN":[107],"on":[108,154],"number":[110],"challenging":[112],"AI":[113],"tasks,":[114],"including":[115],"image":[116,118],"classification,":[117],"reconstruction,":[119],"speech":[121],"enhancement.":[122],"With":[123],"TTFS":[124],"coding,":[125],"up":[129],"orders":[131],"magnitude":[133],"saving":[134],"computation":[136],"over":[137],"other":[140],"rate-based":[141],"SNNs.":[142],"study,":[144],"therefore,":[145],"paves":[146],"way":[148],"deploying":[150],"ultra-low-power":[151],"SNNs":[153],"power-constrained":[155],"edge":[156],"computing":[157],"platforms.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2023-11-21T00:00:00"}