{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285138842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2022.3189095","title":"Autonomous Skill Learning of Water Polo Ball Heading for a Robotic Fish: Curriculum and Verification","display_name":"Autonomous Skill Learning of Water Polo Ball Heading for a Robotic Fish: Curriculum and Verification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285138842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2022.3189095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2022.3189095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2022.3189095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-03913427","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046792932","display_name":"Tiandong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4454-8169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiandong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4454-8169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431397","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-3167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-3167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639215","display_name":"Shuo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1390-9219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1390-9219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445361","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3049-004X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3049-004X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108401200","display_name":"Long Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7565-8788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7565-8788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038119641","display_name":"Gang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-7700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115519","display_name":"Centre de Recherche en Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/020cdve92","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190752583","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I4210091621","https://openalex.org/I4210115519","https://openalex.org/I70768539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138412","display_name":"Centre Inria de l'Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/04eej9726","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210138412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153239","display_name":"Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/05vrs3189","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I4387153239","https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inria Lille--Nord Europe, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France","Deformable Robots Simulation Team","Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-7700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria Lille--Nord Europe, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deformable Robots Simulation Team","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115519","https://openalex.org/I4387153239"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024708104","display_name":"Min Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-8438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-8438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3603,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95822943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"865","last_page":"876"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11170","display_name":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11170","display_name":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6127399206161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.5779374241828918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5565026998519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-polo","display_name":"Water polo","score":0.529364824295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ball","display_name":"Ball (mathematics)","score":0.45304325222969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4513118863105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.43883028626441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.33931905031204224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6127399206161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5779374241828918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5565026998519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910634626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7707","display_name":"Water polo","level":2,"score":0.529364824295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122041747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838611","display_name":"Ball (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45304325222969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4513118863105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.43883028626441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.33931905031204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2022.3189095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2022.3189095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03913427v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-03913427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, 2022, 15 (2), pp.865-876. ⟨10.1109/TCDS.2022.3189095⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03913427v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-03913427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, 2022, 15 (2), pp.865-876. ⟨10.1109/TCDS.2022.3189095⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1563129299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G292298420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4222056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3882188835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62025307","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3932525804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62073316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5464853613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z211100002121152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8603194925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KZ202210017024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G990984470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973721220","https://openalex.org/W2000076730","https://openalex.org/W2061253966","https://openalex.org/W2117289015","https://openalex.org/W2147137560","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2345663989","https://openalex.org/W2539578877","https://openalex.org/W2802990478","https://openalex.org/W2904246096","https://openalex.org/W2906597774","https://openalex.org/W2911230430","https://openalex.org/W2940956030","https://openalex.org/W2946234510","https://openalex.org/W2968917487","https://openalex.org/W2972418652","https://openalex.org/W2973788922","https://openalex.org/W2979280753","https://openalex.org/W2981243826","https://openalex.org/W3005431655","https://openalex.org/W3012544020","https://openalex.org/W3017827511","https://openalex.org/W3043301796","https://openalex.org/W3089353688","https://openalex.org/W3096998908","https://openalex.org/W3110781789","https://openalex.org/W3123742938","https://openalex.org/W3126763268","https://openalex.org/W3142849873","https://openalex.org/W3156809058","https://openalex.org/W3177287750","https://openalex.org/W3198050371","https://openalex.org/W3201674474","https://openalex.org/W3208335691","https://openalex.org/W4229009735","https://openalex.org/W4283364883","https://openalex.org/W6741302124","https://openalex.org/W6747473740","https://openalex.org/W6757592117","https://openalex.org/W6775683342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201392315","https://openalex.org/W135553562","https://openalex.org/W2373306740","https://openalex.org/W2363824592","https://openalex.org/W3216314162","https://openalex.org/W2380592035","https://openalex.org/W2039257511","https://openalex.org/W3187311933","https://openalex.org/W2313096800","https://openalex.org/W3125309797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"concerns":[2],"the":[3,39,61,67,79,102,113,117,125,130,141,144,148,170,176,181],"autonomous":[4],"skill":[5],"learning":[6,25,70],"of":[7,143,164,169,180],"water":[8,40,126,165],"polo":[9,41,127,166],"ball":[10,42,128,167],"heading":[11,43,168],"for":[12,78,111],"a":[13,28,72,155],"robotic":[14,30,80,118,157],"fish":[15,31,81,119,158],"in":[16],"highly":[17],"dynamic":[18],"aquatic":[19],"environments":[20],"via":[21,129],"multistage":[22,62],"serial-parallel":[23,93],"curriculum":[24,69,89,94],"(MSPCL).":[26],"First,":[27],"radio-controlled":[29],"with":[32,60],"hybrid":[33],"fin":[34],"propulsion":[35],"is":[36,45,76,109,152],"presented.":[37],"Moreover,":[38],"task":[44],"decomposed":[46],"into":[47],"two":[48],"sequential":[49],"subtasks:":[50],"1)":[51],"preparation":[52],"and":[53,96,178],"2)":[54],"shooting.":[55],"In":[56],"order":[57],"to":[58,82,123,139,154,174],"cope":[59],"complex":[63,84],"tasks,":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66],"easy-to-hard":[68],"strategy,":[71],"novel":[73],"MSPCL":[74,103,132,145,150],"framework":[75],"proposed":[77,131,149,182],"learn":[83,121],"skills,":[85],"which":[86],"mainly":[87],"includes":[88],"scheduler,":[90],"difficulty":[91],"criterion,":[92],"generation,":[95],"performance":[97],"measure":[98],"modules.":[99],"Furthermore,":[100],"under":[101],"framework,":[104],"soft":[105],"actor\u2013critic":[106],"(SAC)":[107],"algorithm":[108],"utilized":[110],"training":[112],"policy":[114],"network.":[115],"Therefore,":[116],"can":[120],"how":[122],"head":[124],"method.":[133,183],"Comparative":[134],"simulations":[135],"are":[136,172],"carried":[137],"out":[138],"verify":[140],"effectiveness":[142],"framework.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"method":[151],"applied":[153],"physical":[156],"named":[159],"RoboDact.":[160],"Swimming":[161],"pool":[162],"experiments":[163],"RoboDact":[171],"conducted":[173],"demonstrate":[175],"validity":[177],"robustness":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}