{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205430821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3140115","title":"One-Pass Online Learning Based on Gradient Descent for Multilayer Spiking Neural Networks","display_name":"One-Pass Online Learning Based on Gradient Descent for Multilayer Spiking Neural Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205430821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3140115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2021.3140115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3140115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078704613","display_name":"Xianghong Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-0546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianghong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003637454","display_name":"Tiandou Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiandou Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103138406","display_name":"Xiangwen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7304-2576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078704613"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.105,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75468702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"16","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8558216094970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6522578597068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.6156810522079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.601451575756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.5956391096115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-gradient-descent","display_name":"Stochastic gradient descent","score":0.5931159257888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-rule","display_name":"Learning rule","score":0.5690048336982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5536219477653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.5351250171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5328059196472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offline-learning","display_name":"Offline learning","score":0.4932839274406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-machine-learning","display_name":"Online machine learning","score":0.4890376031398773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wake-sleep-algorithm","display_name":"Wake-sleep algorithm","score":0.4483698904514313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4436720013618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.4403063952922821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.43349355459213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-learning","display_name":"Sequence learning","score":0.4244702458381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41555047035217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4100490212440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-learning","display_name":"Online learning","score":0.20831117033958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization-error","display_name":"Generalization error","score":0.11048531532287598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8558216094970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6522578597068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.6156810522079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.601451575756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.5956391096115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206688291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617819","display_name":"Stochastic gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.5931159257888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779127903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510194","display_name":"Learning rule","level":3,"score":0.5690048336982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5536219477653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.5351250171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5328059196472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780490138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7079636","display_name":"Offline learning","level":3,"score":0.4932839274406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094097","display_name":"Online machine learning","level":3,"score":0.4890376031398773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17061570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7960888","display_name":"Wake-sleep algorithm","level":4,"score":0.4483698904514313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4436720013618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.4403063952922821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.43349355459213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40506919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452469","display_name":"Sequence learning","level":2,"score":0.4244702458381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41555047035217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4100490212440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.20831117033958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117765406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362437","display_name":"Generalization error","level":3,"score":0.11048531532287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2021.3140115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3140115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5836106764","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61762080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516529420","https://openalex.org/W1587989265","https://openalex.org/W1621450212","https://openalex.org/W1635791370","https://openalex.org/W1938722960","https://openalex.org/W1965678517","https://openalex.org/W1967591692","https://openalex.org/W1970109917","https://openalex.org/W1990221069","https://openalex.org/W2001465022","https://openalex.org/W2006370340","https://openalex.org/W2009839417","https://openalex.org/W2017972389","https://openalex.org/W2031375734","https://openalex.org/W2036224037","https://openalex.org/W2042013578","https://openalex.org/W2054113233","https://openalex.org/W2061341428","https://openalex.org/W2128367023","https://openalex.org/W2130459697","https://openalex.org/W2152280100","https://openalex.org/W2158766867","https://openalex.org/W2170968634","https://openalex.org/W2250145117","https://openalex.org/W2293092608","https://openalex.org/W2373982822","https://openalex.org/W2512805308","https://openalex.org/W2554917868","https://openalex.org/W2569813014","https://openalex.org/W2575365284","https://openalex.org/W2609466125","https://openalex.org/W2620474507","https://openalex.org/W2730906708","https://openalex.org/W2754486806","https://openalex.org/W2765399440","https://openalex.org/W2791974356","https://openalex.org/W2795627216","https://openalex.org/W2798878556","https://openalex.org/W2805852360","https://openalex.org/W2892632544","https://openalex.org/W2905533880","https://openalex.org/W2924112519","https://openalex.org/W2963311299","https://openalex.org/W2963335874","https://openalex.org/W2964035021","https://openalex.org/W2972234767","https://openalex.org/W2974328520","https://openalex.org/W2979879900","https://openalex.org/W2981101011","https://openalex.org/W3006966652","https://openalex.org/W3102087395","https://openalex.org/W3104409553","https://openalex.org/W3132798516","https://openalex.org/W3196571547","https://openalex.org/W4238614602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013716719","https://openalex.org/W2300397275","https://openalex.org/W1983295349","https://openalex.org/W2586674103","https://openalex.org/W3127959817","https://openalex.org/W2197173055","https://openalex.org/W1991288165","https://openalex.org/W1986633584","https://openalex.org/W2083608087","https://openalex.org/W4205430821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"supervised":[1,36,115],"learning":[2,37,60,88,94,99,104,110,116,132],"algorithms":[3,154],"update":[4],"synaptic":[5,73],"weights":[6,74],"in":[7,156],"real-time":[8,66],"during":[9],"the":[10,23,29,65,91,107,119,130,142,157,166],"running":[11],"process":[12,27],"of":[13,28,85,159],"spiking":[14],"neural":[15,56],"networks":[16],"(SNNs),":[17],"which":[18],"are":[19,52,75],"important":[20],"for":[21,43,124,136,171],"modeling":[22],"behavior":[24],"and":[25,69,101,112],"cognitive":[26],"brain.":[30],"This":[31],"article":[32],"proposes":[33],"an":[34,78],"online":[35,59,93],"algorithm":[38,95,121,144,168],"based":[39],"on":[40],"gradient":[41],"descent":[42],"multilayer":[44],"feedforward":[45],"SNNs,":[46],"where":[47,129],"precisely":[48],"timed":[49],"spike":[50,86],"trains":[51],"used":[53,123],"to":[54],"represent":[55],"information.":[57],"The":[58,72],"rule":[61],"is":[62,122,134,169],"derived":[63],"from":[64],"error":[67],"function":[68],"backpropagation":[70],"mechanism.":[71],"adjusted":[76],"when":[77],"output":[79],"neuron":[80],"fires":[81],"a":[82],"spike.":[83],"Results":[84,139],"train":[87],"demonstrate":[89],"that":[90,141,165],"proposed":[92,120,143,167],"can":[96,145],"achieve":[97],"higher":[98],"accuracy":[100,149],"requires":[102],"fewer":[103],"epochs":[105],"than":[106],"corresponding":[108],"offline":[109],"method":[111],"other":[113,152],"typical":[114],"algorithms.":[117],"Furthermore,":[118],"solving":[125,172],"pattern":[126,174],"classification":[127,148],"problems,":[128],"one-pass":[131],"approach":[133],"employed":[135],"training":[137],"SNNs.":[138],"show":[140],"obtain":[146],"comparable":[147],"compared":[150],"with":[151],"state-of-the-art":[153],"even":[155],"case":[158],"only":[160],"one":[161],"iteration.":[162],"It":[163],"indicates":[164],"effective":[170],"spatio-temporal":[173],"recognition":[175],"problems.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-22T08:09:32.410652","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}