{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206676533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3132282","title":"The Challenges and Opportunities of Human-Centered AI for Trustworthy Robots and Autonomous Systems","display_name":"The Challenges and Opportunities of Human-Centered AI for Trustworthy Robots and Autonomous Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206676533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3132282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2021.3132282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3132282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/ws/files/114530380/2021_TCDS3132282.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020000412","display_name":"Hongmei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6653-8298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6653-8298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089638140","display_name":"J. M. N. T. Gray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3554-0499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Gray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091768977","display_name":"Angelo Cangelosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4709-2243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Cangelosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4709-2243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014654309","display_name":"Qinggang Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-5724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinggang Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-5724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077410877","display_name":"T.M. McGinnity","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-4748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Martin McGinnity","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Londonderry, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-4748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Londonderry, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010473783","display_name":"J\u00f6rn Mehnen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6625-436X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorn Mehnen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manufacturing and Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Design, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manufacturing and Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Design, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.34,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98212132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"1398","last_page":"1412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7194302082061768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.6610186696052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.6213683485984802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5691416263580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5222626328468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position-paper","display_name":"Position paper","score":0.468858540058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4015243947505951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3704533576965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3538912236690521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3146984577178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.10506841540336609}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7194302082061768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6610186696052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.6213683485984802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5691416263580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5222626328468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233193","display_name":"Position paper","level":2,"score":0.468858540058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4015243947505951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3704533576965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3538912236690521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3146984577178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10506841540336609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2021.3132282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3132282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/bff388b9-0aeb-4f0e-a22b-2ac1075e3e5d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/bff388b9-0aeb-4f0e-a22b-2ac1075e3e5d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"He, H, Gray, J, Cangelosi, A, Meng, Q, McGinnity, T M & Mehnen, J 2022, 'The Challenges and Opportunities of Human-Centered AI for Trustworthy Robots and Autonomous Systems', IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCDS.2021.3132282","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:81090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/81090/1/He_etal_IEEE_TOCDS_2021_The_challenges_and_opportunities_of_human_centred_AI.pdf","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/81090/1/He_etal_IEEE_TOCDS_2021_The_challenges_and_opportunities_of_human_centred_AI.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/d125d1f3-9c9b-4f5c-9927-d4b9a9401298","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/d125d1f3-9c9b-4f5c-9927-d4b9a9401298","pdf_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/ws/files/114530380/2021_TCDS3132282.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"He, H, Gray, J, Cangelosi, A, Meng, Q, McGinnity, T M & Mehnen, J 2022, 'The Challenges and Opportunities of Human-Centered AI for Trustworthy Robots and Autonomous Systems', IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1398-1412. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3132282","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/17125091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_challenges_and_opportunities_of_human-centred_AI_for_trustworthy_robots_and_autonomous_systems/17125091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/d125d1f3-9c9b-4f5c-9927-d4b9a9401298","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/d125d1f3-9c9b-4f5c-9927-d4b9a9401298","pdf_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/ws/files/114530380/2021_TCDS3132282.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"He, H, Gray, J, Cangelosi, A, Meng, Q, McGinnity, T M & Mehnen, J 2022, 'The Challenges and Opportunities of Human-Centered AI for Trustworthy Robots and Autonomous Systems', IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1398-1412. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3132282","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4747614498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-19-1-7002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206676533.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206676533.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528027857","https://openalex.org/W1597576211","https://openalex.org/W1968204762","https://openalex.org/W1969833980","https://openalex.org/W1982291815","https://openalex.org/W1993820068","https://openalex.org/W1998499581","https://openalex.org/W2015857587","https://openalex.org/W2026253919","https://openalex.org/W2062440395","https://openalex.org/W2085555205","https://openalex.org/W2095588917","https://openalex.org/W2112189957","https://openalex.org/W2116520617","https://openalex.org/W2135470333","https://openalex.org/W2138862930","https://openalex.org/W2142394321","https://openalex.org/W2150736588","https://openalex.org/W2159609636","https://openalex.org/W2290053445","https://openalex.org/W2394030593","https://openalex.org/W2460752635","https://openalex.org/W2504381649","https://openalex.org/W2513559548","https://openalex.org/W2530562282","https://openalex.org/W2556838012","https://openalex.org/W2584919286","https://openalex.org/W2596775847","https://openalex.org/W2609435022","https://openalex.org/W2734814518","https://openalex.org/W2738351596","https://openalex.org/W2755075228","https://openalex.org/W2764151937","https://openalex.org/W2785789769","https://openalex.org/W2794012061","https://openalex.org/W2794600137","https://openalex.org/W2794917676","https://openalex.org/W2884001105","https://openalex.org/W2887450169","https://openalex.org/W2890279265","https://openalex.org/W2890793284","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2897493354","https://openalex.org/W2900633536","https://openalex.org/W2902070640","https://openalex.org/W2902230213","https://openalex.org/W2903775008","https://openalex.org/W2905562891","https://openalex.org/W2910702053","https://openalex.org/W2913761199","https://openalex.org/W2914810581","https://openalex.org/W2924157328","https://openalex.org/W2933347941","https://openalex.org/W2938630503","https://openalex.org/W2944488609","https://openalex.org/W2944636936","https://openalex.org/W2946734001","https://openalex.org/W2955877667","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2967025099","https://openalex.org/W2968879430","https://openalex.org/W2975239600","https://openalex.org/W2978237347","https://openalex.org/W2980576170","https://openalex.org/W2983791272","https://openalex.org/W2986071342","https://openalex.org/W2989869785","https://openalex.org/W2991140181","https://openalex.org/W2994435280","https://openalex.org/W2996521480","https://openalex.org/W2997532515","https://openalex.org/W3010621561","https://openalex.org/W3015084785","https://openalex.org/W3033203076","https://openalex.org/W3034963685","https://openalex.org/W3037880158","https://openalex.org/W3094411021","https://openalex.org/W3116116507","https://openalex.org/W3153634768","https://openalex.org/W4229856339","https://openalex.org/W4231966580","https://openalex.org/W4237627355","https://openalex.org/W4255275351","https://openalex.org/W4297790214","https://openalex.org/W4300362278","https://openalex.org/W6677464772","https://openalex.org/W6721805750","https://openalex.org/W6753971960","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6755397161","https://openalex.org/W6756287261","https://openalex.org/W6761413925","https://openalex.org/W6771216048","https://openalex.org/W6772031635","https://openalex.org/W6779561253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076536433","https://openalex.org/W90316445","https://openalex.org/W4327743613","https://openalex.org/W2965447900","https://openalex.org/W3199750033","https://openalex.org/W4391815708","https://openalex.org/W2374509987","https://openalex.org/W3163373470","https://openalex.org/W3005856188","https://openalex.org/W1898221464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"trustworthiness":[1,149],"of":[2,30,43,95,127,143,150,154,165],"robots":[3],"and":[4,55,68,73,83,89,102,137,141,159,175,190],"autonomous":[5],"systems":[6],"(RASs)":[7],"has":[8,108],"taken":[9],"a":[10,44,170],"prominent":[11],"position":[12],"on":[13,100,192],"the":[14,22,27,87,93,112,125,133,139,148],"way":[15],"toward":[16],"full":[17],"autonomy.":[18],"This":[19,181],"work":[20],"is":[21,167],"first":[23],"to":[24,75,77,111,132,186,194],"systematically":[25],"explore":[26,138],"key":[28,41,135],"facets":[29],"human-centered":[31],"AI":[32,144],"(HAI)":[33],"for":[34,172,176],"trustworthy":[35],"RAS":[36,47,96,151,166],"(TRAS).":[37],"We":[38,122],"identified":[39],"five":[40,134],"properties":[42,136],"TRAS,":[45],"i.e.,":[46,60],"must":[48],"be:":[49],"1)":[50],"safe":[51],"in":[52,120,146,152],"any":[53],"uncertain":[54],"dynamic":[56],"environment;":[57],"2)":[58],"secure,":[59],"protect":[61],"itself":[62],"from":[63],"cyber":[64],"threats;":[65],"3)":[66],"healthy":[67],"fault":[69],"tolerant;":[70],"4)":[71],"trusted":[72],"easy":[74],"use":[76],"enable":[78],"effective":[79],"human\u2013machine":[80],"interaction":[81],"(HMI);":[82],"5)":[84],"compliant":[85],"with":[86,130],"law":[88],"ethical":[90],"expectations.":[91],"While":[92],"applications":[94],"have":[97],"mainly":[98],"focused":[99],"performance":[101],"productivity,":[103],"not":[104],"enough":[105],"scientific":[106],"attention":[107],"been":[109],"paid":[110],"risks":[113],"posed":[114],"by":[115,179],"advanced":[116],"artificial":[117],"intelligence":[118,185],"(AI)":[119],"RAS.":[121],"analytically":[123],"examine":[124],"challenges":[126],"implementing":[128,177],"TRAS":[129,178],"respect":[131,153],"role":[140],"roadmap":[142],"technologies":[145],"ensuring":[147],"safety,":[155],"security,":[156],"health,":[157],"HMI,":[158],"ethics.":[160],"A":[161],"new":[162],"acceptance":[163],"model":[164],"provided":[168],"as":[169],"framework":[171],"HAI":[173],"requirements":[174],"design.":[180],"approach":[182],"promotes":[183],"human-level":[184],"augment":[187],"human":[188],"capabilities":[189],"focuses":[191],"contribution":[193],"humanity.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}