{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120009304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3049487","title":"<i>In Situ</i> Learning in Hardware Compatible Multilayer Memristive Spiking Neural Network","display_name":"<i>In Situ</i> Learning in Hardware Compatible Multilayer Memristive Spiking Neural Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120009304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3049487","mag":"3120009304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2021.3049487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3049487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100758097","display_name":"Jiwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-5431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625645","display_name":"Hui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2081-555X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101560169","display_name":"Shengyang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-0585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Yang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341106","display_name":"Nan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-3115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102990218","display_name":"Qingjiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-3198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingjiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409085","display_name":"Zhiwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6238-2660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734666","display_name":"Haijun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5094-5411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha~, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100758097"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.103,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76299831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"448","last_page":"461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8128831386566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.8101427555084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.7328639626502991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5175132751464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.513326108455658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.49799132347106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4825565218925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.46582695841789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memristor","display_name":"Memristor","score":0.4648761749267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.2159942388534546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8128831386566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.8101427555084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.7328639626502991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5175132751464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.513326108455658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.49799132347106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4825565218925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.46582695841789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.4648761749267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2159942388534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2021.3049487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2021.3049487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1518418366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61471377","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3934872369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G516476252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61604177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5557354263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61804181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6883421659","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61704191","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495791788","https://openalex.org/W1570411240","https://openalex.org/W1645800954","https://openalex.org/W1964288235","https://openalex.org/W1967628726","https://openalex.org/W1979180831","https://openalex.org/W1995314879","https://openalex.org/W2015861736","https://openalex.org/W2016589492","https://openalex.org/W2016922062","https://openalex.org/W2026122895","https://openalex.org/W2112181056","https://openalex.org/W2145967274","https://openalex.org/W2156640153","https://openalex.org/W2162827630","https://openalex.org/W2463288820","https://openalex.org/W2466978667","https://openalex.org/W2519887174","https://openalex.org/W2560615381","https://openalex.org/W2610452982","https://openalex.org/W2612375349","https://openalex.org/W2621826044","https://openalex.org/W2735894830","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2765399440","https://openalex.org/W2790636388","https://openalex.org/W2792208628","https://openalex.org/W2794822538","https://openalex.org/W2804040790","https://openalex.org/W2807750997","https://openalex.org/W2808518417","https://openalex.org/W2810068957","https://openalex.org/W2884096268","https://openalex.org/W2884136970","https://openalex.org/W2884987480","https://openalex.org/W2886819279","https://openalex.org/W2896666858","https://openalex.org/W2905533880","https://openalex.org/W2910128286","https://openalex.org/W2923010225","https://openalex.org/W2963588827","https://openalex.org/W2966081953","https://openalex.org/W2978313259","https://openalex.org/W2981846116","https://openalex.org/W3000505821","https://openalex.org/W3003217511","https://openalex.org/W3003821665","https://openalex.org/W3021675401","https://openalex.org/W3104615707","https://openalex.org/W6743688258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137378424","https://openalex.org/W2809732489","https://openalex.org/W1872623660","https://openalex.org/W4287780255","https://openalex.org/W4292697011","https://openalex.org/W3207218810","https://openalex.org/W3212508523","https://openalex.org/W3023361272","https://openalex.org/W1995352804","https://openalex.org/W2086672837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"one":[1],"of":[2,11,24,34,37,211,224],"the":[3,8,35,99,140,145,186,205,208,221],"most":[4],"promising":[5],"methods":[6,69],"in":[7,22,77,90,115,137,175,236],"next":[9],"generation":[10],"neuromorphic":[12],"systems,":[13],"memristor-based":[14],"spiking":[15],"neural":[16],"networks":[17],"(SNNs)":[18],"show":[19,184],"great":[20,234],"advantages":[21],"terms":[23],"power":[25],"efficiency,":[26],"integration":[27],"density,":[28],"and":[29,49,102,110,134,149,165,179,196,199,217],"biological":[30],"plausibility.":[31],"However,":[32],"because":[33],"nondifferentiability":[36],"discrete":[38],"spikes,":[39],"it":[40,136],"is":[41,83,96,118,142,189,228],"difficult":[42],"to":[43,85,105,120,191,230],"train":[44],"SNNs":[45,161],"with":[46,67,144,151,162],"gradient":[47],"descent":[48],"error":[50],"backpropagation":[51],"online.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"article,":[55],"we":[56,129],"propose":[57],"an":[58],"improved":[59],"training":[60],"algorithm":[61],"for":[62],"multilayer":[63],"memristive":[64,116],"SNN":[65],"(MSNN)":[66],"three":[68],"spontaneously,":[70],"supporting":[71],"<italic":[72,123],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[73,124],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">in":[74,125],"situ</i>":[75,126],"learning":[76,167],"hardware:":[78],"1)":[79],"temporal":[80],"order":[81],"encoding":[82],"applied":[84],"generate":[86],"different":[87],"pulse":[88],"trains":[89],"neurons;":[91],"2)":[92],"a":[93,131,225],"simplified":[94],"homeostasis":[95],"realized":[97],"by":[98],"activation":[100],"state":[101],"refractory":[103],"period":[104],"regulate":[106],"hidden":[107],"neurons":[108],"spontaneously;":[109],"3)":[111],"spiking-timing-dependent":[112],"plasticity":[113],"(STDP)":[114],"synapses":[117],"adopted":[119],"update":[121],"weights":[122],".":[127],"Correspondingly,":[128],"provide":[130],"circuitry":[132],"example":[133],"verify":[135],"LTSPICE.":[138],"Then":[139],"MSNN":[141,188,206,226],"benchmarked":[143],"MNIST":[146],"data":[147],"set":[148],"analyzed":[150],"visualization":[152],"methods,":[153],"showing":[154,233],"better":[155],"recognition":[156],"accuracy":[157],"(95.15%)":[158],"than":[159],"existing":[160],"comparable":[163],"scales":[164],"bio-inspired":[166],"rules.":[168],"We":[169],"also":[170],"consider":[171],"some":[172],"nonideal":[173,213],"effects":[174],"memristor":[176],"crossbar":[177],"array":[178],"peripheral":[180],"circuits.":[181],"Evaluation":[182],"results":[183],"that":[185],"proposed":[187],"robust":[190],"finite":[192],"resolution,":[193],"circuit":[194],"noise":[195],"writing":[197],"noise;":[198],"larger":[200],"network":[201],"scale":[202],"will":[203],"help":[204],"alleviate":[207],"negative":[209],"impacts":[210],"other":[212],"factors,":[214],"including":[215],"yield":[216],"device-to-device":[218],"variation.":[219],"Moreover,":[220],"energy":[222],"efficiency":[223],"system":[227],"estimated":[229],"achieve":[231],"7.6TOPS/W,":[232],"potential":[235],"low-power":[237],"applications.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
