{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2598430160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2017.2686983","title":"Orthogonal Principal Coefficients Embedding for Unsupervised Subspace Learning","display_name":"Orthogonal Principal Coefficients Embedding for Unsupervised Subspace Learning","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2598430160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2017.2686983","mag":"2598430160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2017.2686983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2017.2686983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067953198","display_name":"Xinxing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1449-3072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinxing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047747817","display_name":"Shijie Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijie Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["OmniVision Technologies Singapore Pte. Ltd., Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OmniVision Technologies Singapore Pte. Ltd., Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388188","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5867-9322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5867-9322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022800038","display_name":"Xi Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5727-2790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5727-2790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100724297","display_name":"Yong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-8939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0924,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4352604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"280","last_page":"289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.8165937066078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.7098149657249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6723430156707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthographic-projection","display_name":"Orthographic projection","score":0.6174702644348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5772400498390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.5704591274261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5516881346702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5289803743362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5047770738601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.47049379348754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4657372534275055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.45486918091773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.4466516971588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.44295862317085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-matrix","display_name":"Orthogonal matrix","score":0.42272546887397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4206574559211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4132174849510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24690571427345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-basis","display_name":"Orthogonal basis","score":0.2191941738128662}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.8165937066078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.7098149657249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6723430156707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175694140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980329","display_name":"Orthographic projection","level":2,"score":0.6174702644348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5772400498390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5704591274261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5516881346702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5289803743362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5047770738601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.47049379348754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4657372534275055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.45486918091773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.4466516971588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44295862317085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44292817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333871","display_name":"Orthogonal matrix","level":3,"score":0.42272546887397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4206574559211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4132174849510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24690571427345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187064257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306808","display_name":"Orthogonal basis","level":2,"score":0.2191941738128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcds.2017.2686983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2017.2686983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2488537894","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","issn_l":"2379-8920","issn":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7411043749","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1435213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7670333304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61432012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98220398","https://openalex.org/W191001584","https://openalex.org/W1507780841","https://openalex.org/W1621802500","https://openalex.org/W1904464160","https://openalex.org/W1997201895","https://openalex.org/W2018662425","https://openalex.org/W2043006496","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2070127246","https://openalex.org/W2086066258","https://openalex.org/W2097486709","https://openalex.org/W2103250033","https://openalex.org/W2104294146","https://openalex.org/W2117553576","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2118718620","https://openalex.org/W2120886275","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2135029798","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2145962650","https://openalex.org/W2153320597","https://openalex.org/W2154249783","https://openalex.org/W2154872931","https://openalex.org/W2169658215","https://openalex.org/W2294970404","https://openalex.org/W2296131993","https://openalex.org/W2316226477","https://openalex.org/W2403076655","https://openalex.org/W2413034400","https://openalex.org/W2962714108","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W3143596294","https://openalex.org/W6635552349","https://openalex.org/W6675955514","https://openalex.org/W6677656871","https://openalex.org/W6677759377","https://openalex.org/W6680012447","https://openalex.org/W6682644385","https://openalex.org/W6697521581","https://openalex.org/W6713161955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044066624","https://openalex.org/W2375054321","https://openalex.org/W2158511632","https://openalex.org/W2120026622","https://openalex.org/W1981489509","https://openalex.org/W2366652250","https://openalex.org/W2383141911","https://openalex.org/W2064340903","https://openalex.org/W2362818071","https://openalex.org/W159730486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,54],"recently":[2],"proposed":[3,53,115],"method":[4,12,56],"for":[5,83],"subspace":[6],"learning,":[7],"principal":[8],"coefficients":[9],"embedding":[10],"(PCE)":[11],"can":[13,89],"automatically":[14,64],"determine":[15,65],"the":[16,19,31,41,66,69,76,80,108,114],"dimension":[17,67],"of":[18,68,79,113],"feature":[20,70],"space":[21],"and":[22,110],"robustly":[23],"handle":[24],"various":[25],"corruptions":[26],"in":[27,92],"real-world":[28],"applications.":[29],"However,":[30],"projection":[32,81],"matrix":[33,82],"learned":[34],"by":[35],"PCE":[36,59],"is":[37],"not":[38],"orthogonal,":[39],"so":[40],"original":[42],"data":[43,105],"may":[44],"be":[45,90],"reconstructed":[46],"improperly.":[47],"To":[48],"address":[49],"this":[50],"issue,":[51],"we":[52],"new":[55],"termed":[57],"orthogonal":[58,77],"(OPCE).":[60],"OPCE":[61,88],"cannot":[62],"only":[63],"space,":[71],"but":[72],"also":[73],"additionally":[74],"considers":[75],"property":[78],"better":[84],"discriminating":[85],"ability.":[86],"Moreover,":[87],"solved":[91],"closed-form,":[93],"thus":[94],"making":[95],"it":[96],"computational":[97,111],"efficient.":[98],"Extensive":[99],"experimental":[100],"results":[101],"from":[102],"multiple":[103],"benchmark":[104],"sets":[106],"demonstrate":[107],"effectiveness":[109],"efficiency":[112],"method.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}