{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155006228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2026.3685429","title":"Graph Neural Network-Enhanced Multi-Objective Scheduling and Offloading for Hybrid Applications in Edge-Cloud Networks","display_name":"Graph Neural Network-Enhanced Multi-Objective Scheduling and Offloading for Hybrid Applications in Edge-Cloud Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155006228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2026.3685429"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2026.3685429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2026.3685429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013105152","display_name":"Yang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-3982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-3982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134066292","display_name":"Jitao Yi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jitao Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111033480","display_name":"Yuwei Bian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuwei Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457477","display_name":"Meng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-9883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-9883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044158599","display_name":"Pengbo Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengbo Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420016","display_name":"F. Richard Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-7594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Richard Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of System and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-7594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of System and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40974545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"7731","last_page":"7744"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.04259999841451645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6208999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processor-scheduling","display_name":"Processor scheduling","score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-shop-scheduling","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-network","display_name":"Intelligent Network","score":0.30160000920295715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6208999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984822820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123036","display_name":"Processor scheduling","level":3,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51675839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665681","display_name":"Intelligent Network","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2026.3685429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2026.3685429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4664128731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5750651708","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6133183526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W626266683","https://openalex.org/W2149294210","https://openalex.org/W2473644042","https://openalex.org/W2561715836","https://openalex.org/W2968986602","https://openalex.org/W3009391516","https://openalex.org/W3025279013","https://openalex.org/W3106171294","https://openalex.org/W3172337880","https://openalex.org/W3184573535","https://openalex.org/W3190114998","https://openalex.org/W3192536512","https://openalex.org/W3198572172","https://openalex.org/W3200600175","https://openalex.org/W4206114022","https://openalex.org/W4211126203","https://openalex.org/W4225531527","https://openalex.org/W4226137608","https://openalex.org/W4290996478","https://openalex.org/W4312847079","https://openalex.org/W4321483887","https://openalex.org/W4367721923","https://openalex.org/W4376480665","https://openalex.org/W4382119054","https://openalex.org/W4383890073","https://openalex.org/W4384500817","https://openalex.org/W4386085902","https://openalex.org/W4386360507","https://openalex.org/W4388098896","https://openalex.org/W4390204273","https://openalex.org/W4390533376","https://openalex.org/W4392151696","https://openalex.org/W4393307075","https://openalex.org/W4394595933","https://openalex.org/W4394711958","https://openalex.org/W4402895026","https://openalex.org/W4404056769","https://openalex.org/W4404840333","https://openalex.org/W4405179167","https://openalex.org/W4405600438","https://openalex.org/W4408323717","https://openalex.org/W4409581068","https://openalex.org/W4413344229","https://openalex.org/W4415593581","https://openalex.org/W4417132027","https://openalex.org/W4417438572","https://openalex.org/W7083166044"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,125],"rapid":[1],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,6,13,24,30,38,139],"the":[4,11,50,86],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"has":[9],"driven":[10],"emergence":[12],"intelligent":[14],"applications":[15,40],"characterized":[16],"by":[17],"complex":[18],"task":[19,51,74],"dependencies":[20],"and":[21,53,76,131,136,165,186],"heterogeneous":[22],"quality":[23],"service":[25],"(QoS)":[26],"requirements.":[27],"Efficient":[28],"coordination":[29],"edge-cloud":[31,57],"resources":[32],"to":[33,156],"satisfy":[34],"diverse":[35,193],"QoS":[36],"demands":[37],"hybrid":[39],"remains":[41],"a":[42,60,67,92,104,115,166,172],"challenging":[43],"problem.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46,100],"paper,":[47],"we":[48,102],"formulate":[49],"scheduling":[52],"offloading":[54],"problem":[55,65,87],"in":[56,83],"networks":[58],"as":[59,91],"multi-constraint,":[61],"multi-objective":[62,93,108,121,149],"combinatorial":[63],"optimization":[64],"through":[66],"two-dimensional":[68],"decision":[69,95],"model":[70],"that":[71,113,178],"jointly":[72],"determines":[73],"prioritization":[75],"server":[77],"selection.":[78],"To":[79],"support":[80],"adaptive":[81],"decision-making":[82],"dynamic":[84],"environments,":[85],"is":[88,154,169],"further":[89],"modeled":[90],"Markov":[94],"process":[96],"(MOMDP).":[97],"Based":[98],"on":[99],"formulation,":[101],"propose":[103],"graph":[105,116],"neural":[106,117],"network-enhanced":[107],"reinforcement":[109,122],"learning":[110,123],"(GEMORL)":[111],"framework":[112],"integrates":[114],"network":[118,161,194],"(GNN)":[119],"with":[120],"(MORL).":[124],"GNN":[126],"hierarchically":[127],"extracts":[128],"task-level,":[129],"application-level,":[130],"global-level":[132],"representations":[133],"from":[134],"task-related":[135],"latency-related":[137],"attributes":[138],"applications,":[140],"providing":[141],"expressive":[142],"state":[143],"embeddings":[144],"for":[145,162],"policy":[146,150,160,168],"learning.":[147],"A":[148],"gradient":[151],"(MOPG)":[152],"algorithm":[153],"employed":[155],"train":[157],"an":[158],"independent":[159],"each":[163],"objective,":[164],"deterministic":[167],"derived":[170],"via":[171],"scalarization":[173],"method.":[174],"Extensive":[175],"simulations":[176],"demonstrate":[177],"GEMORL":[179],"achieves":[180],"superior":[181],"trade-offs":[182],"among":[183],"conflicting":[184],"objectives":[185],"consistently":[187],"outperforms":[188],"state-of-the-art":[189],"baseline":[190],"schemes":[191],"across":[192],"scenarios.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2026-04-21T00:00:00"}