{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125917395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2026.3658760","title":"Binary Waveform Design for Spectrally-Compatible Cognitive MIMO Radar DOA Estimation","display_name":"Binary Waveform Design for Spectrally-Compatible Cognitive MIMO Radar DOA Estimation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125917395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2026.3658760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2026.3658760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2026.3658760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124133298","display_name":"Kai Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5078-4665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015048243","display_name":"jinfeng Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123686","display_name":"Quzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nfx323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinfeng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-5242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686","https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087764243","display_name":"Dongxu An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-6302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxu An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-6302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101538202","display_name":"Huan Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2920-4288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182722699","display_name":"Shenzhen Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d2w9g53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124061564","display_name":"Yiran Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiran Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103122722","display_name":"Xin Tai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9258-0764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290270558","display_name":"Goodyear (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03tvt3c62","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290270558","https://openalex.org/I4210143271"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Tai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, Ceyear Technologies Company Ltd., Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9258-0764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, Ceyear Technologies Company Ltd., Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290270558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111134022","display_name":"Yongfeng Zuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290270558","display_name":"Goodyear (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03tvt3c62","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290270558","https://openalex.org/I4210143271"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongfeng Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, Ceyear Technologies Company Ltd., Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7363-3355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, Ceyear Technologies Company Ltd., Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290270558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124125874","display_name":"Ye Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124122032","display_name":"Cunhua Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunhua Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078754231","display_name":"Kah Chan Teh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-2565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kah Chan Teh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-2565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000051029","display_name":"Xianxiang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8133-4429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianxiang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8133-4429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Huiyong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3183-6161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3183-6161","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124086009","display_name":"Guolong Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guolong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-6311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124133298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16884917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"5937","last_page":"5952"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9067999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9067999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.0478999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.009100000374019146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unimodular-matrix","display_name":"Unimodular matrix","score":0.866599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.8118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.6011999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5131000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4661000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.3840999901294708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201958917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367055","display_name":"Unimodular matrix","level":2,"score":0.866599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.8118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6963000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6011999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6004999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5131000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4661000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121610932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243754","display_name":"Binary search algorithm","level":3,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2026.3658760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2026.3658760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/212081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/212081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1100709512","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62501112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1611501077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62571099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3259167901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025M773511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5602937271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8702043755","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFF0717303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059210598","https://openalex.org/W2091720712","https://openalex.org/W2108625419","https://openalex.org/W2164278908","https://openalex.org/W2194947012","https://openalex.org/W2605355993","https://openalex.org/W2780206593","https://openalex.org/W2792461516","https://openalex.org/W2794106514","https://openalex.org/W2944924935","https://openalex.org/W2992612824","https://openalex.org/W3003135299","https://openalex.org/W3013119459","https://openalex.org/W3015001943","https://openalex.org/W3015707145","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3025452812","https://openalex.org/W3092426941","https://openalex.org/W3129761640","https://openalex.org/W3134264060","https://openalex.org/W3134408583","https://openalex.org/W3161146288","https://openalex.org/W3176605487","https://openalex.org/W3179146960","https://openalex.org/W3206678580","https://openalex.org/W3209801506","https://openalex.org/W3212260081","https://openalex.org/W4200634134","https://openalex.org/W4205204500","https://openalex.org/W4210344045","https://openalex.org/W4213291599","https://openalex.org/W4214842474","https://openalex.org/W4288064993","https://openalex.org/W4289792798","https://openalex.org/W4313648853","https://openalex.org/W4319603660","https://openalex.org/W4320018439","https://openalex.org/W4322627204","https://openalex.org/W4323644411","https://openalex.org/W4365420256","https://openalex.org/W4377001526","https://openalex.org/W4378697233","https://openalex.org/W4382999124","https://openalex.org/W4386320502","https://openalex.org/W4387042226","https://openalex.org/W4387250753","https://openalex.org/W4387717601","https://openalex.org/W4389459410","https://openalex.org/W4389922377","https://openalex.org/W4390204295","https://openalex.org/W4390547417","https://openalex.org/W4392251690","https://openalex.org/W4392405621","https://openalex.org/W4392796630","https://openalex.org/W4392823230","https://openalex.org/W4393373001","https://openalex.org/W4394586263","https://openalex.org/W4399409956","https://openalex.org/W4405361615","https://openalex.org/W4410986049"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unimodular":[0],"waveform":[1,24,31,53,82,98],"design":[2,25,32,54],"is":[3,64,102,168],"a":[4],"key":[5],"technology":[6],"in":[7,49,163,192],"cognitive":[8],"Multiple":[9,11],"Input":[10],"Output":[12],"(MIMO)":[13],"radar":[14],"systems.":[15],"Existing":[16],"research":[17],"mainly":[18],"includes":[19],"two":[20,147,155],"categories:":[21],"unimodular":[22,29,51],"continuous/binary":[23],"for":[26,33,55,73],"detection,":[27],"and":[28,83,92,104,199],"continuous":[30],"Direction":[34],"of":[35,80,95,158,177,194,201],"Arrival":[36],"(DOA)":[37],"estimation":[38,57],"without":[39],"spectral":[40,85,90,202],"constraints.":[41,86],"Different":[42],"from":[43],"existing":[44,184],"methods,":[45,185],"our":[46],"focus":[47],"lies":[48],"investigating":[50],"binary":[52,81,97],"DOA":[56,74,197],"within":[58],"spectrally":[59],"crowded":[60],"environments.":[61],"This":[62],"problem":[63,101,114,153],"formulated":[65],"as":[66],"minimizing":[67],"the":[68,78,89,96,100,113,152,166,172,183,186],"mean":[69],"square":[70],"error":[71],"(MSE)":[72],"estimation,":[75],"subject":[76],"to":[77,88,106,140,150,182],"constraints":[79],"multiple":[84,119],"Due":[87],"constraint":[91],"nonconvex":[93],"nature":[94],"constraint,":[99],"NP-hard":[103],"challenging":[105],"solve":[107],"directly.":[108],"Fortunately,":[109],"we":[110,130],"observe":[111],"that":[112],"can":[115,160],"be":[116,161],"decomposed":[117],"into":[118,154],"more":[120],"tractable":[121],"subproblems":[122],"by":[123,171],"introducing":[124],"auxiliary":[125,148],"variables.":[126],"Leveraging":[127],"this":[128,142],"characteristic,":[129],"propose":[131],"an":[132],"efficient":[133],"Problem":[134],"Decomposition-based":[135],"Sequential":[136],"Optimization":[137],"(PDSO)":[138],"method":[139,145],"tackle":[141],"problem.":[143],"The":[144],"introduces":[146],"variables":[149],"decompose":[151],"subproblems:":[156],"one":[157],"which":[159],"solved":[162],"closed-form,":[164],"while":[165],"other":[167],"efficiently":[169],"addressed":[170],"Binary":[173],"Alternating":[174],"Directions":[175],"Method":[176],"Multipliers":[178],"(B-ADMM)":[179],"algorithm.":[180],"Compared":[181],"proposed":[187],"approach":[188],"demonstrates":[189],"superior":[190],"performance":[191],"terms":[193],"computational":[195],"cost,":[196],"resolution,":[198],"suppression":[200],"interference.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-12T06:13:03.167441","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
