{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7105608786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3632403","title":"Channel Measurements and Characterizations for Low-Altitude Communications via an AI-Empowered Multi-Node Sounding System","display_name":"Channel Measurements and Characterizations for Low-Altitude Communications via an AI-Empowered Multi-Node Sounding System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7105608786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3632403"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3632403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3632403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kai Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6039-0520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hangang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hangang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qiuming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4995-5970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuming Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hanwen Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanwen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhangfeng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9068-4770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206324368","display_name":"Shaoyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fx09x73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206324368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangfeng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206324368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Boyu Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-0476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyu Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Petros S. Bithas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-3674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petros S. Bithas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Industry Technologies, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Industry Technologies, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qihui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9521-5084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.4253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99006183,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"4404","last_page":"4416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.8471999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.8471999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.03629999980330467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6801000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-sounding","display_name":"Channel sounding","score":0.5611000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41280001401901245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7631999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6801000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25051821","display_name":"Channel sounding","level":4,"score":0.5611000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55510283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382947","display_name":"Depth sounding","level":2,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778812306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275318","display_name":"Channel spacing","level":4,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113608303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056835","display_name":"Transmission system","level":3,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3632403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3632403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6117047071456909,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1956227882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23B2005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2275469967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62431014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4528712221","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W2331788720","https://openalex.org/W2522615148","https://openalex.org/W2560796106","https://openalex.org/W2963580658","https://openalex.org/W2963638537","https://openalex.org/W3011830499","https://openalex.org/W3023102341","https://openalex.org/W3029629302","https://openalex.org/W3033334211","https://openalex.org/W3036592597","https://openalex.org/W3090963371","https://openalex.org/W3155905399","https://openalex.org/W3175219873","https://openalex.org/W3184138765","https://openalex.org/W3195746043","https://openalex.org/W3209488125","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4375929136","https://openalex.org/W4380451046","https://openalex.org/W4385287226","https://openalex.org/W4385627151","https://openalex.org/W4385805035","https://openalex.org/W4386536163","https://openalex.org/W4395064458","https://openalex.org/W4400275490","https://openalex.org/W4400644893","https://openalex.org/W4400809925","https://openalex.org/W4401163973","https://openalex.org/W4402473949","https://openalex.org/W4402653818","https://openalex.org/W4403758955","https://openalex.org/W4404238450","https://openalex.org/W4406267011","https://openalex.org/W4406754674","https://openalex.org/W4407212544","https://openalex.org/W4407351695","https://openalex.org/W4410491699","https://openalex.org/W4411600920","https://openalex.org/W4411949777","https://openalex.org/W4414463166"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-altitude":[0],"(LA)":[1],"intelligent":[2],"network":[3,162],"is":[4,17,55,102,128,132],"a":[5,33,51,64,97,120,140],"key":[6],"component":[7],"of":[8,24,86,122],"integrated":[9],"space-air-ground":[10],"networks,":[11],"where":[12,57],"understanding":[13],"radio":[14],"propagation":[15],"channels":[16,88],"crucial":[18],"for":[19,42,147,185],"the":[20,72,77,83,91,107,159,165,173],"design":[21],"and":[22,36,48,75,89,94,112,143,152,164,180],"optimization":[23],"reliable":[25],"communication":[26],"links.":[27],"In":[28,79],"this":[29,118],"paper,":[30],"we":[31],"present":[32],"high":[34],"efficient":[35],"low-interference":[37],"LA":[38,124,136,174],"channel":[39,125,137,145,183],"measurement":[40,126],"scheme":[41],"multiple":[43],"nodes.":[44],"To":[45],"avoid":[46],"self-interferences":[47],"cancel":[49],"cross-interference,":[50],"series-parallel":[52],"switching":[53],"method":[54,101],"developed,":[56],"sounding":[58],"signals":[59],"are":[60,156,169],"specially":[61],"designed":[62],"via":[63],"genetic":[65],"algorithm":[66],"(GA).":[67],"It":[68],"can":[69,105,177],"effectively":[70,178],"reduce":[71,82],"multi-node":[73],"interference":[74],"improve":[76],"efficiency.":[78],"order":[80],"to":[81,134,171],"data":[84,92,99],"size":[85],"multi-link":[87],"release":[90],"transmission":[93],"postprocessing":[95],"burden,":[96],"real-time":[98],"reduction":[100],"proposed,":[103],"which":[104,176],"extract":[106],"valid":[108],"multi-path":[109],"components":[110],"(MPCs)":[111],"small-scale":[113],"fading":[114],"(SSF)":[115],"characteristics.":[116],"On":[117],"basis,":[119],"prototype":[121,131],"four-node":[123],"system":[127],"implemented.":[129],"The":[130],"applied":[133],"perform":[135],"measurements":[138],"in":[139],"campus":[141],"scenario,":[142],"measured":[144],"characteristics":[146,184],"air-to-air":[148],"(A2A),":[149],"air-to-ground":[150],"(A2G),":[151],"ground-to-ground":[153],"(G2G)":[154],"links":[155],"presented.":[157],"Then,":[158],"deep":[160],"neural":[161],"(DNN)":[163],"variational":[166],"autoencoder":[167],"(VAE)":[168],"utilized":[170],"characterize":[172],"channels,":[175],"predict":[179],"generate":[181],"new":[182],"real":[186],"applications.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}
