{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7104577370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3631007","title":"Bootstrapping Blind Equalizer for Dual-Polarization Coherent FSO Systems via Modulus-Rings-Based Variational Autoencoder","display_name":"Bootstrapping Blind Equalizer for Dual-Polarization Coherent FSO Systems via Modulus-Rings-Based Variational Autoencoder","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7104577370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3631007"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3631007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3631007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guojin Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1602-7861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guojin Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1602-7861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuan Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ziqi Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Junwen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-1608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-1608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4653-3964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114190","display_name":"Shanghai Zhangjiang Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/0208qbg77","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4653-3964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nan Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4966-3844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4966-3844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianyang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-3704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianyang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-3704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49414216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"3538","last_page":"3554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.7074000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.7074000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.16220000386238098,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.027799999341368675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.7696999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-equalizer","display_name":"Adaptive equalizer","score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5716000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4844000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-equalization","display_name":"Blind equalization","score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-optics","display_name":"Adaptive optics","score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4041000008583069}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.7696999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7470999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25125847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680741","display_name":"Adaptive equalizer","level":4,"score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5716000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4844000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41425797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4926640","display_name":"Blind equalization","level":4,"score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132771110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506922","display_name":"Adaptive optics","level":2,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67545415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5384218","display_name":"Equalizer","level":3,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12232224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7853840","display_name":"Turbo equalizer","level":5,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3631007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3631007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1098618934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62031011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2725685057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62571136","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4220144427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2802803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6652922961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62525102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968720664","https://openalex.org/W1996524869","https://openalex.org/W2019905317","https://openalex.org/W2070793330","https://openalex.org/W2092679120","https://openalex.org/W2097987904","https://openalex.org/W2110931999","https://openalex.org/W2139271848","https://openalex.org/W2145060714","https://openalex.org/W2511038469","https://openalex.org/W2570485842","https://openalex.org/W2737221967","https://openalex.org/W2962782499","https://openalex.org/W3023243379","https://openalex.org/W3185549093","https://openalex.org/W4226407622","https://openalex.org/W4285821114","https://openalex.org/W4377082131","https://openalex.org/W4385834405","https://openalex.org/W4393164692","https://openalex.org/W4393174537","https://openalex.org/W4399885692"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,124,143],"growing":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3,31,57,95,168,200],"data":[4],"rates":[5],"in":[6,18,114,122,162,214],"optical":[7],"wireless":[8],"systems":[9,63],"has":[10,133],"driven":[11],"the":[12,86,96,104,115,127,163,182,192],"development":[13],"of":[14,117,126,165],"coherent":[15,60,218],"communication":[16],"applications":[17],"intricate":[19],"and":[20,41,74,85,130,140,170,216],"variable":[21],"free-space":[22],"optics":[23],"(FSO).":[24],"Simultaneously,":[25],"there":[26],"is":[27,205],"an":[28,92],"urgent":[29],"requirement":[30],"advanced":[32],"blind":[33,50],"equalization":[34,113],"algorithms":[35],"that":[36,207],"can":[37],"achieve":[38,66],"rapid":[39],"convergence":[40,169],"exhibit":[42],"bootstrapping":[43,188],"capabilities.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"article,":[47],"two":[48],"novel":[49],"variational":[51,83],"autoencoder":[52],"(VAE)":[53],"equalizers":[54,107,132],"are":[55,198],"proposed":[56,105,128,144],"dual-polarization":[58],"(DP)":[59],"FSO":[61,100,202,220],"transmission":[62,179],"to":[64,108,181,191],"effectively":[65],"channel":[67,112],"equalization,":[68],"namely":[69],"lattice":[70],"points-based":[71],"VAE":[72,77,106],"(VAELP)":[73],"modulus":[75,184],"rings-based":[76],"(VAEMR).":[78],"We":[79],"have":[80],"derived":[81],"adaptive":[82],"inferences":[84],"training":[87],"loss":[88],"model":[89,151],"based":[90],"on":[91],"analytical":[93],"solution":[94],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[97],"(MIMO)":[98],"DP":[99],"channel,":[101],"which":[102,197],"enables":[103],"converge":[109],"when":[110],"solving":[111],"presence":[116],"impairments":[118],"from":[119],"optoelectronic":[120],"devices":[121],"transceivers.":[123],"performance":[125,154],"VAELP":[129],"VAEMR":[131,145,208],"been":[134],"thoroughly":[135],"investigated":[136],"through":[137,176],"both":[138],"simulation":[139],"experimental":[141],"evaluations.":[142],"equalizer":[146],"with":[147],"a":[148,159,171,211],"more":[149],"matched":[150],"demonstrates":[152],"superior":[153],"over":[155],"other":[156],"equalizers,":[157],"showing":[158],"200-times":[160],"reduction":[161],"number":[164],"iterations":[166],"required":[167],"5-dB":[172],"power":[173],"budget":[174],"gain":[175],"20GBaud":[177],"DP-16QAM":[178],"compared":[180,190],"constant":[183],"algorithm":[185,195],"(CMA),":[186],"exhibits":[187],"characteristics":[189],"cascaded":[193],"multi-modulus":[194],"(CMMA),":[196],"advantageous":[199],"time-varying":[201,215],"links.":[203],"It":[204],"anticipated":[206],"will":[209],"play":[210],"pivotal":[212],"role":[213],"high-demand":[217],"turbulent":[219],"scenarios.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-01T23:40:50.289205","created_date":"2025-11-10T00:00:00"}