{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414404571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3612760","title":"Toward Edge General Intelligence With Multiple-Large Language Model (Multi-LLM): Architecture, Trust, and Orchestration","display_name":"Toward Edge General Intelligence With Multiple-Large Language Model (Multi-LLM): Architecture, Trust, and Orchestration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414404571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3612760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3612760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3612760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/a3586b62-09da-4793-be5e-1babbac38073","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001423451","display_name":"Haoxiang Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoxiang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5531-4291","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068961034","display_name":"Yinqiu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-3712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinqiu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-3712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049587970","display_name":"Ruichen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-3645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruichen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-3645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727959","display_name":"Jiacheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-8761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-8761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053945147","display_name":"Gang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2448-8915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2448-8915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101507232","display_name":"Hongfang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5219-1780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5219-1780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005327587","display_name":"Zehui Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EEECS), Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-941X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EEECS), Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733413","display_name":"Xianbin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianbin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-0748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773343","display_name":"Xuemin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":53.1719,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99795973,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"3563","last_page":"3585"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.7445999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.7445999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.5831999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.38029998540878296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8284000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.5831999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5257999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196879817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q872685","display_name":"Data governance","level":4,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3612760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3612760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/a3586b62-09da-4793-be5e-1babbac38073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/a3586b62-09da-4793-be5e-1babbac38073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Luo, H, Liu, Y, Zhang, R, Wang, J, Sun, G, Niyato, D, Yu, H, Xiong, Z, Wang, X & Shen, X 2025, 'Toward edge general intelligence with multiple-large language model (Multi-LLM): architecture, trust, and orchestration', IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCCN.2025.3612760","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/217601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/217601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/a3586b62-09da-4793-be5e-1babbac38073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/a3586b62-09da-4793-be5e-1babbac38073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Luo, H, Liu, Y, Zhang, R, Wang, J, Sun, G, Niyato, D, Yu, H, Xiong, Z, Wang, X & Shen, X 2025, 'Toward edge general intelligence with multiple-large language model (Multi-LLM): architecture, trust, and orchestration', IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCCN.2025.3612760","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":114,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2971544482","https://openalex.org/W3006086117","https://openalex.org/W3105966348","https://openalex.org/W3118700407","https://openalex.org/W3176353699","https://openalex.org/W3205260830","https://openalex.org/W3207622241","https://openalex.org/W3209352982","https://openalex.org/W4205183469","https://openalex.org/W4213109058","https://openalex.org/W4226018382","https://openalex.org/W4284685333","https://openalex.org/W4285105424","https://openalex.org/W4285147166","https://openalex.org/W4292976359","https://openalex.org/W4312642903","https://openalex.org/W4316126954","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4384926196","https://openalex.org/W4385615086","https://openalex.org/W4386918758","https://openalex.org/W4387079109","https://openalex.org/W4387677990","https://openalex.org/W4388407891","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W4391235371","https://openalex.org/W4391248943","https://openalex.org/W4391547981","https://openalex.org/W4392399461","https://openalex.org/W4392693630","https://openalex.org/W4392905217","https://openalex.org/W4393034349","https://openalex.org/W4394896937","https://openalex.org/W4394994526","https://openalex.org/W4396812632","https://openalex.org/W4396878072","https://openalex.org/W4396941482","https://openalex.org/W4400111235","https://openalex.org/W4400188066","https://openalex.org/W4400189304","https://openalex.org/W4400200529","https://openalex.org/W4401070271","https://openalex.org/W4401113704","https://openalex.org/W4401211704","https://openalex.org/W4401326099","https://openalex.org/W4401863519","https://openalex.org/W4401907663","https://openalex.org/W4402050440","https://openalex.org/W4402100623","https://openalex.org/W4402350838","https://openalex.org/W4402473949","https://openalex.org/W4402671287","https://openalex.org/W4402684003","https://openalex.org/W4402742293","https://openalex.org/W4402915120","https://openalex.org/W4403125877","https://openalex.org/W4403582540","https://openalex.org/W4404035203","https://openalex.org/W4404111691","https://openalex.org/W4404134026","https://openalex.org/W4404562740","https://openalex.org/W4404783047","https://openalex.org/W4405092734","https://openalex.org/W4405544354","https://openalex.org/W4405563851","https://openalex.org/W4405844494","https://openalex.org/W4405953727","https://openalex.org/W4406085118","https://openalex.org/W4406207083","https://openalex.org/W4406753753","https://openalex.org/W4406754736","https://openalex.org/W4406793792","https://openalex.org/W4406892517","https://openalex.org/W4407070057","https://openalex.org/W4407168495","https://openalex.org/W4407359071","https://openalex.org/W4407390684","https://openalex.org/W4407881031","https://openalex.org/W4407937664","https://openalex.org/W4408145402","https://openalex.org/W4408182811","https://openalex.org/W4408355037","https://openalex.org/W4408442081","https://openalex.org/W4408940210","https://openalex.org/W4408951637","https://openalex.org/W4409184063","https://openalex.org/W4409293618","https://openalex.org/W4409356441","https://openalex.org/W4409628831","https://openalex.org/W4409661173","https://openalex.org/W4409796253","https://openalex.org/W4409870977","https://openalex.org/W4409959577","https://openalex.org/W4410226386","https://openalex.org/W4410428489","https://openalex.org/W4410949744","https://openalex.org/W4411205163","https://openalex.org/W4411336563","https://openalex.org/W4411446549","https://openalex.org/W4411599731","https://openalex.org/W4412130408","https://openalex.org/W4412610508","https://openalex.org/W4412802462","https://openalex.org/W4412886911","https://openalex.org/W4413026014","https://openalex.org/W4413277473","https://openalex.org/W4413371312","https://openalex.org/W4413941679","https://openalex.org/W4414198856","https://openalex.org/W4414270400","https://openalex.org/W4415798198","https://openalex.org/W7084028507","https://openalex.org/W7090457351","https://openalex.org/W7105988713"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Edge":[0],"computing":[1,195],"enables":[2],"real-time":[3],"data":[4,39,143],"processing":[5],"closer":[6],"to":[7,51,63,81,87,189],"its":[8],"source,":[9],"thus":[10],"improving":[11,164],"the":[12,44,74],"latency":[13],"and":[14,37,67,101,126,149,175,186],"performance":[15,66],"of":[16,46],"edge-enabled":[17],"AI":[18,22,79],"applications.":[19,196],"However,":[20],"predictive":[21],"models":[23,80],"often":[24],"fall":[25],"short":[26],"when":[27],"dealing":[28],"with":[29],"complex,":[30],"dynamic":[31,97],"tasks":[32],"that":[33,105],"require":[34],"advanced":[35],"reasoning":[36],"multimodal":[38,133],"processing.":[40],"This":[41,178],"survey":[42,91,179],"explores":[43],"integration":[45],"multi-LLMs":[47],"(Large":[48],"Language":[49],"Models)":[50],"address":[52],"these":[53],"challenges":[54],"in":[55,69,122,140,193],"edge":[56,78,194],"computing,":[57],"where":[58,124,136],"multiple":[59,137],"specialized":[60],"LLMs":[61,138],"collaborate":[62],"enhance":[64],"task":[65],"adaptability":[68],"resource-constrained":[70],"environments.":[71],"We":[72,130],"review":[73],"transition":[75],"from":[76],"conventional":[77],"single":[82],"LLM":[83],"deployment":[84],"and,":[85],"ultimately,":[86],"multi-LLM":[88,109,117,134,169,191],"systems.":[89],"The":[90],"discusses":[92],"enabling":[93],"technologies":[94],"such":[95,145],"as":[96,146],"orchestration,":[98],"resource":[99,165],"scheduling,":[100],"cross-domain":[102],"knowledge":[103],"transfer":[104],"are":[106,128],"key":[107],"for":[108,155,184],"implementation.":[110],"A":[111],"central":[112],"focus":[113],"is":[114],"on":[115],"trusted":[116],"systems,":[118,170],"ensuring":[119],"robust":[120],"decision-making":[121],"environments":[123],"reliability":[125],"privacy":[127],"crucial.":[129],"also":[131],"present":[132],"architectures,":[135],"specialize":[139],"handling":[141],"different":[142],"modalities,":[144],"text,":[147],"images,":[148],"audio,":[150],"by":[151],"integrating":[152],"their":[153],"outputs":[154],"comprehensive":[156],"analysis.":[157],"Finally,":[158],"we":[159],"highlight":[160],"future":[161],"directions,":[162],"including":[163],"efficiency,":[166],"trustworthy":[167],"governance":[168],"while":[171],"addressing":[172],"privacy,":[173],"trust,":[174],"robustness":[176],"concerns.":[177],"provides":[180],"a":[181],"valuable":[182],"reference":[183],"researchers":[185],"practitioners":[187],"aiming":[188],"leverage":[190],"systems":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
