{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413472132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3601831","title":"Energy-Efficient Beamforming for Near-Field STAR-RIS-Enhanced Low-Altitude ISAC Networks","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Beamforming for Near-Field STAR-RIS-Enhanced Low-Altitude ISAC Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413472132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3601831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3601831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3601831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041857020","display_name":"Ziwei Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziwei Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029337392","display_name":"Min Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-5063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682735","display_name":"Junyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-6451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Strategic Cyber Resilience Research and Development, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Strategic Cyber Resilience Research and Development, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409698","display_name":"Jia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3424-050X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Strategic Cyber Resilience Research and Development, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Strategic Cyber Resilience Research and Development, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004181029","display_name":"Jiandong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8851-836X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiandong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041857020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0044,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97590778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"3348","last_page":"3362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6836577653884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5815629959106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4269668757915497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3795548975467682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6836577653884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5815629959106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4269668757915497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3795548975467682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3601831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3601831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798444003","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3136760479","https://openalex.org/W3162720533","https://openalex.org/W3164704335","https://openalex.org/W3164927689","https://openalex.org/W3199980453","https://openalex.org/W3205217150","https://openalex.org/W3215641234","https://openalex.org/W4206337605","https://openalex.org/W4225013399","https://openalex.org/W4285162017","https://openalex.org/W4294811202","https://openalex.org/W4304700999","https://openalex.org/W4312497239","https://openalex.org/W4319341648","https://openalex.org/W4319993379","https://openalex.org/W4321608126","https://openalex.org/W4324125657","https://openalex.org/W4361801860","https://openalex.org/W4361801952","https://openalex.org/W4362654228","https://openalex.org/W4377079822","https://openalex.org/W4377971356","https://openalex.org/W4383960513","https://openalex.org/W4384915793","https://openalex.org/W4385194756","https://openalex.org/W4387623969","https://openalex.org/W4390692564","https://openalex.org/W4392158272","https://openalex.org/W4392173781","https://openalex.org/W4392449680","https://openalex.org/W4393906028","https://openalex.org/W4399768521","https://openalex.org/W4403182621","https://openalex.org/W4403759021","https://openalex.org/W4405429372","https://openalex.org/W4406356132","https://openalex.org/W4407354641","https://openalex.org/W4408951705","https://openalex.org/W4409234864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W4391913857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,22],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"a":[3,13,75,102,134],"near-field":[4,42,184],"integrated":[5],"sensing":[6,49,92],"and":[7,16,33,48,56,62,78,91,128,172],"communication":[8,47,89],"(ISAC)":[9],"network":[10],"empowered":[11],"by":[12],"simultaneously":[14],"transmitting":[15],"reflecting":[17],"reconfigurable":[18],"intelligent":[19],"surface":[20],"(STAR-RIS).":[21],"architecture":[23],"offers":[24],"seamless":[25],"360\u00b0":[26],"coverage,":[27],"supporting":[28],"the":[29,37,52,57,97,157,170,175],"coexistence":[30],"of":[31,54,174],"aerial":[32],"ground":[34],"users":[35,55],"in":[36,120,178,183],"low-altitude":[38],"economy,":[39],"while":[40],"leveraging":[41],"propagation":[43],"to":[44,83,110,159],"enhance":[45],"both":[46],"performance.":[50],"However,":[51],"heterogeneity":[53],"coupling":[58],"between":[59],"sensing,":[60],"communication,":[61],"energy":[63],"consumption":[64,87],"pose":[65],"challenges":[66],"for":[67],"efficient":[68],"beamforming.":[69],"To":[70,94,123],"this":[71],"end,":[72],"we":[73,100,131],"propose":[74,133],"joint":[76],"beamforming":[77,182],"phase":[79],"shift":[80],"optimization":[81],"framework":[82],"minimize":[84],"average":[85],"power":[86],"under":[88],"delay":[90],"constraints.":[93],"cope":[95],"with":[96,147],"long-term":[98,112],"characteristics,":[99],"design":[101],"Lyapunov-based":[103],"deep":[104,137],"deterministic":[105],"policy":[106,129,136,165],"gradient":[107],"(LyDDPG)":[108],"algorithm":[109],"transform":[111],"objectives":[113],"into":[114,156],"slot-level":[115],"decisions,":[116],"achieving":[117,179],"stable":[118],"performance":[119],"dynamic":[121],"environments.":[122],"further":[124,132],"improve":[125],"constraint":[126],"satisfaction":[127],"convergence,":[130],"robust":[135],"reinforcement":[138,145],"learning":[139,146],"(RPDRL)":[140],"algorithm,":[141],"which":[142],"integrates":[143],"policy-based":[144],"successive":[148],"convex":[149],"approximation.":[150],"The":[151],"Lyapunov":[152],"transformation":[153],"is":[154],"embedded":[155],"RPDRL":[158],"dynamically":[160],"adjust":[161],"weighting":[162],"factors,":[163],"accelerating":[164],"learning.":[166],"Simulation":[167],"results":[168],"demonstrate":[169],"effectiveness":[171],"superiority":[173],"proposed":[176],"methods":[177],"energy-efficient,":[180],"constraint-aware":[181],"ISAC":[185],"networks.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}