{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413277543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3599527","title":"Modular XL-Array-Enabled Channel Estimation and Localization in Terahertz Systems","display_name":"Modular XL-Array-Enabled Channel Estimation and Localization in Terahertz Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413277543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3599527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3599527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3599527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100883421","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1659-1536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1659-1536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100665328","display_name":"Ruidong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144487","display_name":"Cloud Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa0zm65","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruidong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Company Ltd., Jinan, China","Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Co., Ltd, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Company Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Co., Ltd, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075696071","display_name":"Cunhua Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunhua Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113433956","display_name":"Hong Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-1087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-1087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109070412","display_name":"Te\u2010Kao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7898-4441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7898-4441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427133","display_name":"Changhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6497-7644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144487","display_name":"Cloud Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa0zm65","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Company Ltd., Jinan, China","Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Co., Ltd, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Company Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Co., Ltd, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100883421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73320041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"3378","last_page":"3392"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9527999758720398,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6945661306381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.6271868944168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5796641707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4674799144268036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4506604075431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.42423075437545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.33150216937065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.15787500143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15132543444633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13326072692871094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6945661306381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.6271868944168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5796641707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4674799144268036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4506604075431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.42423075437545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33150216937065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.15787500143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15132543444633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13326072692871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3599527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3599527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5182591293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB2905100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","funder_display_name":"Research and Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002347603","https://openalex.org/W2028082528","https://openalex.org/W2034667789","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2592271129","https://openalex.org/W2622044750","https://openalex.org/W2791011781","https://openalex.org/W2889354525","https://openalex.org/W2921466771","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2963456405","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W3027161420","https://openalex.org/W3035467795","https://openalex.org/W3036390306","https://openalex.org/W3080147229","https://openalex.org/W3092446067","https://openalex.org/W3132704706","https://openalex.org/W3147854096","https://openalex.org/W3185863076","https://openalex.org/W3189447947","https://openalex.org/W3192857289","https://openalex.org/W3202330278","https://openalex.org/W3205428400","https://openalex.org/W3214336245","https://openalex.org/W4211052011","https://openalex.org/W4221155761","https://openalex.org/W4226246585","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4312549913","https://openalex.org/W4376464588","https://openalex.org/W4376466684","https://openalex.org/W4380520376","https://openalex.org/W4381832497","https://openalex.org/W4383427890","https://openalex.org/W4387681932","https://openalex.org/W4389331900","https://openalex.org/W4389352521","https://openalex.org/W4390496060","https://openalex.org/W4391019688","https://openalex.org/W4399205858","https://openalex.org/W4399666215","https://openalex.org/W4400525385","https://openalex.org/W4401879533","https://openalex.org/W4410986060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W4229079866","https://openalex.org/W3000002614","https://openalex.org/W2800192479","https://openalex.org/W3040184894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"considers":[2],"the":[3,28,41,45,50,56,64,68,88,93,102,109,124,139,157,163,169,185,199],"three-dimensional":[4],"(3-D)":[5],"positioning":[6,205,210],"problem":[7],"in":[8,92,215],"a":[9,15,73,147,173,191],"Terahertz":[10],"(THz)":[11],"system":[12],"enabled":[13],"by":[14],"modular":[16,69,200],"extra-large":[17],"(XL)":[18],"array":[19],"with":[20,77,101,172,212],"sub-connected":[21],"architecture.":[22],"Our":[23],"purpose":[24],"is":[25],"to":[26,63,115,145,156,189],"estimate":[27,108,162],"channel":[29,125,202],"parameters":[30],"and":[31,71,81,97,165,182,204],"Cartesian":[32],"Coordinates":[33],"of":[34,44,67,152,168],"multiple":[35],"user":[36],"equipments":[37],"(UEs)":[38],"based":[39],"on":[40],"received":[42],"signal":[43],"RF":[46],"chains":[47],"while":[48,123],"considering":[49],"spatial":[51],"non-stationarity":[52],"(SNS).":[53],"We":[54],"apply":[55,138],"hybrid":[57],"spherical-planar":[58],"wave":[59],"model":[60],"(HSPWM)":[61],"owing":[62],"structural":[65],"feature":[66],"array,":[70],"propose":[72],"3-D":[74,149],"localization":[75],"algorithm":[76],"relatively":[78],"high":[79],"accuracy":[80,211],"low":[82],"complexity.":[83,216],"Specifically,":[84],"we":[85,107,137,161],"first":[86],"distinguish":[87],"sub-arrays":[89],"(SAs)":[90],"located":[91],"VR":[94],"as":[95],"anchors,":[96],"select":[98],"typical":[99,116],"anchors":[100,117,171],"largest":[103],"receive":[104],"power.":[105],"Then,":[106],"angles-of-arrival":[110],"(AoAs)":[111],"from":[112],"each":[113,153],"UE":[114,154],"via":[118],"compressed":[119],"sensing":[120],"(CS)":[121],"method,":[122],"attenuation":[126,166],"coefficients":[127,167],"are":[128],"obtained":[129],"through":[130],"least":[131,141],"square":[132,142],"(LS)":[133],"method.":[134],"In":[135],"addition,":[136],"weighted":[140],"(WLS)":[143],"method":[144,177],"obtain":[146],"coarse":[148],"position":[150,193],"estimation":[151,203],"according":[155],"AoA":[158,187],"estimations.":[159],"Finally,":[160],"AoAs":[164],"other":[170],"reduced":[174],"dictionary":[175],"(RD)-CS-based":[176],"for":[178],"lower":[179],"computational":[180],"complexity,":[181],"utilize":[183],"all":[184],"efficient":[186],"estimations":[188],"derive":[190],"fine":[192],"estimation.":[194],"Simulation":[195],"results":[196],"indicate":[197],"that":[198],"XL-array-enabled":[201],"framework":[206],"can":[207],"achieve":[208],"satisfactory":[209],"evident":[213],"reduction":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-01T23:40:50.289205","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
