{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413120629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3596962","title":"Machine Learning-Based Near-Field Emitter Location Sensing via Grouped Hybrid Analog and Digital XL-MIMO Receive Array","display_name":"Machine Learning-Based Near-Field Emitter Location Sensing via Grouped Hybrid Analog and Digital XL-MIMO Receive Array","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413120629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3596962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3596962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3596962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070990928","display_name":"Jiatong Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiatong Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427013","display_name":"Yifan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6550-3002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. ( and"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. ( and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044969631","display_name":"Feng Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413038","display_name":"Wei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-348X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034649717","display_name":"Kang Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075696071","display_name":"Cunhua Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunhua Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065362219","display_name":"Yongpeng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8210-5057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongpeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078726912","display_name":"Yaoliang Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoliang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. ( and"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. ( and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029002143","display_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070990928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9509234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"3748","last_page":"3762"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6893858909606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6802055835723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-emitter","display_name":"Common emitter","score":0.6652948260307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5418463945388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4751336872577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3998464345932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3406490683555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28786420822143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15171676874160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.08024245500564575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6893858909606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6802055835723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46918542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648344","display_name":"Common emitter","level":2,"score":0.6652948260307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5418463945388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4751336872577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3998464345932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3406490683555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28786420822143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15171676874160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.08024245500564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3596962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3596962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5468035466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7007705392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Nos.U22A2002, 62171217 and 62071234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7067429346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XTCX2022XXC07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315841","funder_display_name":"National Center for Women and Information Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315841","display_name":"National Center for Women and Information Technology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1562910560","https://openalex.org/W1952629836","https://openalex.org/W1984872964","https://openalex.org/W1997483434","https://openalex.org/W2002347603","https://openalex.org/W2115485558","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2145245010","https://openalex.org/W2145412765","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2736115624","https://openalex.org/W2741284879","https://openalex.org/W2803130179","https://openalex.org/W2946071064","https://openalex.org/W2963456405","https://openalex.org/W2984477042","https://openalex.org/W3041619073","https://openalex.org/W3180459991","https://openalex.org/W3205428400","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4300678793","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W4391807577","https://openalex.org/W4392172636","https://openalex.org/W4398774937","https://openalex.org/W4402217986","https://openalex.org/W4404739369","https://openalex.org/W4407736130","https://openalex.org/W4414122750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W963760361","https://openalex.org/W2790856699","https://openalex.org/W1545597883","https://openalex.org/W2606779610","https://openalex.org/W2168136726","https://openalex.org/W2161807425","https://openalex.org/W2363778638","https://openalex.org/W71732713","https://openalex.org/W2618864341","https://openalex.org/W1533881877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,53,110],"green":[2],"MIMO":[3,37],"structure,":[4],"the":[5,18,27,70,76,83,99,116,129,144,158,184,194,207,217,227,236],"partially-connected":[6],"hybrid":[7],"analog":[8],"and":[9,30,48,80,156,176],"digital":[10],"(PC-HAD)":[11],"structure":[12,74,91,113,198],"has":[13,51],"been":[14],"widely":[15],"used":[16],"in":[17,98,232],"far-field":[19],"(FF)":[20],"scenario":[21],"for":[22,189],"it":[23],"can":[24,92,220],"significantly":[25,240],"reduce":[26],"hardware":[28],"cost":[29],"complexity":[31],"of":[32,55,72,209],"large-scale":[33,36,130],"or":[34],"extremely":[35],"(XL-MIMO)":[38],"array.":[39],"Recently,":[40],"near-field":[41],"(NF)":[42],"emitter":[43,78,160,191],"localization":[44,79,161,192,203],"including":[45],"direction-of-arrival":[46],"(DOA)":[47],"range":[49],"estimations":[50],"drawn":[52],"lot":[54],"attention,":[56],"but":[57],"is":[58,140,199],"rarely":[59],"explored":[60],"via":[61],"PC-HAD":[62,73,90,112,131,197],"structure.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"we":[67,108,163],"first":[68],"analyze":[69],"impact":[71],"on":[75],"NF":[77,100,105,117,159,190],"observe":[81],"that":[82,114,202,216],"phase":[84],"ambiguity":[85],"(PA)":[86],"problem":[87,120],"caused":[88],"by":[89,127],"be":[93],"removed":[94],"inherently":[95],"with":[96],"low-latency":[97],"scenario.":[101],"To":[102],"achieve":[103,221],"accurate":[104],"DOA":[106,118,124,149],"estimation,":[107],"propose":[109],"grouped":[111,196],"decomposes":[115],"estimation":[119,125,150],"into":[121,133],"multiple":[122],"FF":[123,148],"subproblems":[126],"partitioning":[128],"array":[132],"small-scale":[134],"groups.":[135],"An":[136],"angle":[137],"calibration":[138],"method":[139],"developed":[141],"to":[142,153],"address":[143],"inconsistency":[145],"among":[146],"these":[147],"problems.":[151],"Then,":[152],"eliminate":[154],"PA":[155],"improve":[157],"performance,":[162],"develop":[164],"three":[165],"machine":[166],"learning":[167],"(ML)-based":[168],"methods,":[169],"i.e.,":[170],"two":[171],"low-complexity":[172],"data-driven":[173],"clustering-based":[174,237],"methods":[175,219,238],"one":[177],"model-driven":[178],"regression":[179],"method,":[180],"namely":[181],"RegNet.":[182],"Furthermore,":[183],"Cramer-Rao":[185],"lower":[186,241],"bound":[187],"(CRLB)":[188],"using":[193],"proposed":[195,218],"derived,":[200],"revealing":[201],"performance":[204,231],"degrades":[205],"as":[206],"number":[208],"groups":[210],"increases.":[211],"The":[212],"simulation":[213],"results":[214],"show":[215],"CRLB":[222],"at":[223],"different":[224],"SNR":[225],"regions,":[226,234],"RegNet":[228],"exhibits":[229],"superior":[230],"low-SNR":[233],"while":[235],"offer":[239],"computational":[242],"complexity.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
