{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412722117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3592908","title":"Robustness Assessment of DL-Based Automatic Modulation Classification Model via Channel-Aware Adversarial Perturbation","display_name":"Robustness Assessment of DL-Based Automatic Modulation Classification Model via Channel-Aware Adversarial Perturbation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412722117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3592908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3592908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3592908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047518945","display_name":"Hui Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-4597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057625786","display_name":"Ruoliu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-5146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoliu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023878010","display_name":"Shiqi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000919145","display_name":"Yuhui Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-723X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhui Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of BrainInspired Intelligent Computation, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of BrainInspired Intelligent Computation, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of BrainInspired Intelligent Computation, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of BrainInspired Intelligent Computation, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047518945"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0914415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"2161","last_page":"2174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7661656737327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.764258861541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.47562935948371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","score":0.43280890583992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.40608179569244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35978206992149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.347101092338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3136683404445648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10525590181350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08467555046081543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7661656737327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.764258861541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.47562935948371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.43280890583992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.40608179569244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35978206992149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.347101092338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3136683404445648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10525590181350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08467555046081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3592908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3592908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8218096827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490324987","https://openalex.org/W1752958389","https://openalex.org/W1983221302","https://openalex.org/W2129506838","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2603396821","https://openalex.org/W2727279496","https://openalex.org/W2784709112","https://openalex.org/W2888024549","https://openalex.org/W2902543210","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964185543","https://openalex.org/W2969980980","https://openalex.org/W3098755434","https://openalex.org/W3198924441","https://openalex.org/W3200744636","https://openalex.org/W3213282580","https://openalex.org/W4210803946","https://openalex.org/W4225838812","https://openalex.org/W4225968213","https://openalex.org/W4283208407","https://openalex.org/W4312309670","https://openalex.org/W4313731376","https://openalex.org/W4352977283","https://openalex.org/W4360605394","https://openalex.org/W4389169551","https://openalex.org/W4390956238","https://openalex.org/W4391407115","https://openalex.org/W4391791430","https://openalex.org/W4392939629","https://openalex.org/W4393184947","https://openalex.org/W4396731176","https://openalex.org/W4402156341","https://openalex.org/W4402450949","https://openalex.org/W4408345833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W4285226279","https://openalex.org/W4288019534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"(DL)":[2],"based":[3,145],"automatic":[4],"modulation":[5],"classification":[6],"(AMC)":[7],"is":[8,84],"widely":[9],"used":[10],"in":[11,43,157],"communication":[12,45],"systems.":[13],"However,":[14],"the":[15,30,58,106,116,135,163,167],"vulnerability":[16],"of":[17,32,170],"deep":[18],"neural":[19],"networks":[20],"(DNNs)":[21],"to":[22,40,48,52,86],"adversarial":[23,36],"perturbations":[24,73,89,150],"reveals":[25],"inherent":[26],"robustness":[27,33,54,64,76,169],"limitations,":[28],"emphasizing":[29],"necessity":[31],"testing.":[34],"Conventional":[35],"attacks":[37],"often":[38],"fail":[39],"maintain":[41],"effectiveness":[42],"practical":[44,75],"scenarios":[46],"due":[47],"random":[49,91],"channels,":[50,95,126],"leading":[51],"inaccurate":[53],"assessments.":[55],"To":[56],"address":[57],"issue,":[59],"we":[60,104,133],"propose":[61],"a":[62,79],"channel-aware":[63,72,88,168],"assessment":[65],"method":[66],"for":[67,74,121],"DL-based":[68,171],"AMC":[69,172],"models,":[70],"leveraging":[71],"evaluation.":[77],"First,":[78],"general":[80],"stochastic":[81,108,137],"optimization":[82,109,138],"problem":[83],"formulated":[85],"generate":[87],"under":[90],"channels.":[92],"For":[93,124],"Gaussian":[94,107],"characterized":[96],"by":[97],"symmetric":[98],"sample":[99],"distributions":[100],"and":[101,130,148,159,174],"low":[102],"variance,":[103,132],"proposed":[105,164],"perturbation":[110,122,139],"generation":[111,140],"(GSOP)":[112],"algorithm,":[113,142],"which":[114],"aggregates":[115],"gradients":[117],"from":[118],"multiple":[119],"samples":[120,129,144],"optimization.":[123],"Rayleigh":[125,136],"exhibiting":[127],"dispersed":[128],"high":[131],"introduce":[134],"(RSOP)":[141],"grouping":[143],"on":[146],"correlation":[147],"optimizing":[149],"within":[151],"each":[152],"group.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"extensive":[155],"experiments":[156],"simulated":[158],"physical":[160],"channels":[161],"validate":[162],"algorithms,":[165],"evaluating":[166],"models":[173],"providing":[175],"deployment":[176],"insights.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
