{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410393191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3570452","title":"Blind Equalization Using a Variational Autoencoder With Second Order Volterra Channel Model","display_name":"Blind Equalization Using a Variational Autoencoder With Second Order Volterra Channel Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410393191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3570452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3570452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3570452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023706408","display_name":"S\u00f8ren F. V. Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6713-9144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00f8ren F\u00f8ns Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6713-9144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025311119","display_name":"Darko Zibar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-7488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darko Zibar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-7488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073902328","display_name":"Mikkel N. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6927-8869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikkel N. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6927-8869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7588,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8645528,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"836","last_page":"845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9646999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8083609342575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-equalization","display_name":"Blind equalization","score":0.6818777918815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6754157543182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volterra-series","display_name":"Volterra series","score":0.6593402624130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.594565749168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4746682643890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-statistics","display_name":"Higher-order statistics","score":0.47412657737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.356265127658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.335909903049469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.304989755153656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.2371702492237091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20677295327186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.1970260739326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19406989216804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.16796332597732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10124409198760986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8083609342575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41425797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4926640","display_name":"Blind equalization","level":4,"score":0.6818777918815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6754157543182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778532037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3957891","display_name":"Volterra series","level":3,"score":0.6593402624130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.594565749168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4746682643890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780576426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5757980","display_name":"Higher-order statistics","level":4,"score":0.47412657737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.356265127658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.335909903049469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.304989755153656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2371702492237091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20677295327186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.1970260739326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19406989216804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.16796332597732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10124409198760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3570452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3570452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1383900576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"VIL54486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310490","funder_display_name":"Villum Fonden"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G369325462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"VIL40555","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310490","funder_display_name":"Villum Fonden"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310490","display_name":"Villum Fonden","ror":"https://ror.org/007ww2d15"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88258989","https://openalex.org/W171375948","https://openalex.org/W1973407458","https://openalex.org/W1977915375","https://openalex.org/W2060093974","https://openalex.org/W2097987904","https://openalex.org/W2119842581","https://openalex.org/W2120668294","https://openalex.org/W2144955380","https://openalex.org/W2145060714","https://openalex.org/W2149153247","https://openalex.org/W2164347549","https://openalex.org/W2170459977","https://openalex.org/W2621748098","https://openalex.org/W2755167349","https://openalex.org/W2783323148","https://openalex.org/W2884536864","https://openalex.org/W2913859666","https://openalex.org/W2962782499","https://openalex.org/W2987188346","https://openalex.org/W3023243379","https://openalex.org/W3087873370","https://openalex.org/W4225939779","https://openalex.org/W4230937717","https://openalex.org/W4238404964","https://openalex.org/W4285821114","https://openalex.org/W4292110904","https://openalex.org/W4311415873","https://openalex.org/W4321770504","https://openalex.org/W4388895007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545553786","https://openalex.org/W2349154090","https://openalex.org/W2993703512","https://openalex.org/W1605184442","https://openalex.org/W2133621247","https://openalex.org/W2186363603","https://openalex.org/W2384751807","https://openalex.org/W2118910124","https://openalex.org/W2546240495","https://openalex.org/W2381494073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"communication":[1,25],"hardware":[2],"is":[3,71],"being":[4],"exerted":[5],"to":[6,9,20,32,83,119],"its":[7],"limits":[8],"accommodate":[10],"for":[11,73],"the":[12,24,34,45,66,88,127],"ever":[13],"increasing":[14],"internet":[15],"usage":[16],"globally.":[17],"This":[18,42],"leads":[19],"non-linear":[21,29,49],"distortion":[22],"in":[23,115,133],"link":[26,35],"that":[27],"requires":[28],"equalization":[30,50,116],"techniques":[31],"operate":[33],"at":[36],"a":[37,52,57,96,101,120],"reasonable":[38],"bit":[39],"error":[40],"rate.":[41],"paper":[43],"addresses":[44],"challenge":[46],"of":[47,90,129],"blind":[48],"using":[51],"variational":[53],"autoencoder":[54],"(VAE)":[55],"with":[56,122],"second-order":[58],"Volterra":[59],"channel":[60,99,124,131],"model.":[61],"The":[62,110],"VAE":[63,121,135],"framework\u2019s":[64],"costfunction,":[65],"evidence":[67],"lower":[68],"bound":[69],"(ELBO),":[70],"derived":[72],"real-valued":[74],"constellations":[75],"and":[76,100],"can":[77],"be":[78],"evaluated":[79],"analytically":[80],"without":[81],"resorting":[82],"sampling":[84],"techniques.":[85],"We":[86],"demonstrate":[87],"effectiveness":[89],"our":[91],"approach":[92],"through":[93],"simulations":[94],"on":[95],"synthetic":[97],"Wiener-Hammerstein":[98],"simulated":[102],"intensity":[103],"modulated":[104],"direct":[105],"detection":[106],"(IM/DD)":[107],"optical":[108],"link.":[109],"results":[111],"show":[112],"significant":[113],"improvements":[114],"performance,":[117],"compared":[118],"linear":[123],"assumptions,":[125],"highlighting":[126],"importance":[128],"appropriate":[130],"modeling":[132],"unsupervised":[134],"equalizer":[136],"frameworks.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
