{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406657831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3532304","title":"Adaptive Network Function Chain Orchestration Strategy for 6G Inclusive Intelligent Services","display_name":"Adaptive Network Function Chain Orchestration Strategy for 6G Inclusive Intelligent Services","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406657831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3532304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3532304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3532304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109059777","display_name":"Yi Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020359621","display_name":"Sai Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1430-2555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1430-2555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000584488","display_name":"Yanglong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3668-6617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161346416","display_name":"Jimei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hknyb50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanglong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navigation College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China","Navigation College, Jimei University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3668-6617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Jimei University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101544825","display_name":"Wei Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-594X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data61 Business Unit, CSIRO, Sydney, NSW, Australia","Data61 Business Unit, CSIRO, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-594X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data61 Business Unit, CSIRO, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data61 Business Unit, CSIRO, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399848","display_name":"Kai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","Department of Engineering, Division of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-2392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Division of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102429252","display_name":"Hongfeng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5028-6843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfeng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5028-6843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.3444,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98744927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"3515","last_page":"3528"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.8525789976119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7357591986656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-functions-virtualization","display_name":"Network Functions Virtualization","score":0.5632447004318237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5202037692070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-network","display_name":"Intelligent Network","score":0.49982595443725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4579741656780243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.364052414894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3502863943576813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.3305552005767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.13757184147834778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.13248398900032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11540970206260681}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.8525789976119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7357591986656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200789330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7000834","display_name":"Network Functions Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.5632447004318237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5202037692070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51675839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665681","display_name":"Intelligent Network","level":2,"score":0.49982595443725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4579741656780243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.364052414894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3502863943576813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3305552005767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.13757184147834778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.13248398900032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11540970206260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3532304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3532304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1602921040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62462012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1890755758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24A20246","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4048720808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62361011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374516805","https://openalex.org/W2591344039","https://openalex.org/W2617547828","https://openalex.org/W2739266180","https://openalex.org/W2762906873","https://openalex.org/W2956655210","https://openalex.org/W2969419629","https://openalex.org/W2982649823","https://openalex.org/W2996945891","https://openalex.org/W3000679615","https://openalex.org/W3161189057","https://openalex.org/W3170582445","https://openalex.org/W3176314363","https://openalex.org/W3200951426","https://openalex.org/W3208755274","https://openalex.org/W3217809388","https://openalex.org/W4283651311","https://openalex.org/W4285303806","https://openalex.org/W4285505101","https://openalex.org/W4292968496","https://openalex.org/W4293195883","https://openalex.org/W4294310678","https://openalex.org/W4297964528","https://openalex.org/W4304127727","https://openalex.org/W4312993331","https://openalex.org/W4313886720","https://openalex.org/W4324342645","https://openalex.org/W4365801699","https://openalex.org/W4383899675","https://openalex.org/W4386025744","https://openalex.org/W4388405529","https://openalex.org/W4389077346","https://openalex.org/W4390534264","https://openalex.org/W4391621228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391456748","https://openalex.org/W2973657051","https://openalex.org/W4392419091","https://openalex.org/W2547654579","https://openalex.org/W2582850443","https://openalex.org/W2089258678","https://openalex.org/W2577540431","https://openalex.org/W2753693138","https://openalex.org/W2990398726","https://openalex.org/W2566111429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,53,70],"the":[1,18,31,104,136,152,165,176],"upcoming":[2],"6G":[3,65,156],"era,":[4],"inclusive":[5],"intelligent":[6,25,157],"services(IISs)":[7],"that":[8,148],"rely":[9],"on":[10,116,131],"integrated":[11],"communications":[12],"and":[13,38,92,106,140,163,174,186],"AI":[14],"arithmetic":[15],"will":[16],"become":[17,49],"norm.":[19],"These":[20],"services":[21,40],"require":[22],"efficient":[23],"distributed":[24],"learning":[26,97,128],"or":[27],"reasoning.":[28],"However,":[29],"with":[30,160],"proliferation":[32],"of":[33,108,111,120,155,167,179],"complex":[34],"applications,":[35],"providing":[36],"differentiated":[37],"customized":[39],"through":[41],"effective":[42],"network":[43,153],"function":[44],"chain":[45],"(NFC)":[46],"orchestration":[47,59,75,168,180],"has":[48],"a":[50,72,88,93,117,126],"significant":[51],"challenge.":[52],"this":[54,85],"paper,":[55],"an":[56],"adaptive":[57],"NFC":[58,74],"strategy":[60,102],"(ANFCOS)":[61],"is":[62,76],"proposed":[63],"for":[64,99,138],"IIS":[66],"to":[67,79,134],"minimize":[68],"costs.":[69],"particular,":[71],"tailored":[73],"optimized,":[77],"catering":[78],"diverse":[80],"quality-of-service":[81],"requirements.":[82],"ANFCOS":[83,149],"models":[84],"process":[86,91],"as":[87],"Markov":[89],"decision":[90],"multiactor-attention-critic":[94],"(MAAC)":[95],"reinforcement":[96,127],"method":[98],"solving.":[100],"The":[101,144],"enables":[103],"deployment":[105],"optimization":[107],"operational":[109],"costs":[110],"multiple":[112],"parallel":[113],"NFCs,":[114],"relying":[115],"dynamic":[118],"mechanism":[119],"shifting":[121],"attention.":[122],"Additionally,":[123],"We":[124],"introduced":[125],"framework":[129],"based":[130],"maximum":[132],"entropy":[133],"enhance":[135],"MAAC":[137],"solving":[139],"demonstrate":[141],"its":[142],"convergence.":[143],"simulation":[145],"results":[146],"show":[147],"significantly":[150],"improves":[151],"performance":[154],"services.":[158],"Compared":[159],"MADDPG,":[161],"DDPG":[162],"MCTS,":[164],"cost":[166],"was":[169,181],"reduced":[170,182],"by":[171,183],"8.2%,":[172],"22.1%":[173],"28.6%;":[175],"total":[177],"delay":[178],"7.7%,":[184],"12.7%":[185],"10.8%":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}