{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312450940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2022.3218694","title":"EMD and VMD Empowered Deep Learning for Radio Modulation Recognition","display_name":"EMD and VMD Empowered Deep Learning for Radio Modulation Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312450940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2022.3218694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2022.3218694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2022.3218694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357764","display_name":"Tao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7371-2493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyberspace Security and the College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyberspace Security and the College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089068227","display_name":"Shuncheng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-2530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuncheng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyberspace Security and the College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyberspace Security and the College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067210108","display_name":"Shilian Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3089-4346"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilian Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["No. 011 Research Center, Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, Jiaxing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"No. 011 Research Center, Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063370205","display_name":"Shanqing Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5170-8082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanqing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyberspace Security and the College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyberspace Security and the College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016704080","display_name":"Qi Xuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Xuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyberspace Security and the College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyberspace Security and the College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073154633","display_name":"Caiyi Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7700-0964"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caiyi Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["No. 011 Research Center, Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, Jiaxing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"No. 011 Research Center, Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047444184","display_name":"Xiaoniu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3117-2211"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoniu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["No. 011 Research Center, Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, Jiaxing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"No. 011 Research Center, Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100357764"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7804,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97765706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"43","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9172000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12115","display_name":"Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies","score":0.9124000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upsampling","display_name":"Upsampling","score":0.9509044289588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8060425519943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.657870352268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6214430928230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5790873169898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5541547536849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.5281724333763123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5134447813034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45782575011253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3485197424888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34771186113357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.23011791706085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20599400997161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.17402058839797974}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.9509044289588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8060425519943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.657870352268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6214430928230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5790873169898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5541547536849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.5281724333763123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5134447813034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45782575011253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3485197424888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34771186113357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23011791706085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20599400997161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.17402058839797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2022.3218694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2022.3218694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5680956000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022C01018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29635316","https://openalex.org/W1521894879","https://openalex.org/W1839281361","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2005956500","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2049449008","https://openalex.org/W2064625227","https://openalex.org/W2106665847","https://openalex.org/W2113699331","https://openalex.org/W2120540196","https://openalex.org/W2125242600","https://openalex.org/W2130014182","https://openalex.org/W2132764758","https://openalex.org/W2136262489","https://openalex.org/W2147893740","https://openalex.org/W2161906211","https://openalex.org/W2163785141","https://openalex.org/W2176950688","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2315799453","https://openalex.org/W2321193371","https://openalex.org/W2613016633","https://openalex.org/W2613420585","https://openalex.org/W2616108305","https://openalex.org/W2741230443","https://openalex.org/W2769483473","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2775383661","https://openalex.org/W2794008838","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2892154397","https://openalex.org/W2913680020","https://openalex.org/W2915108913","https://openalex.org/W2923713650","https://openalex.org/W2944891925","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963730508","https://openalex.org/W2967532333","https://openalex.org/W2986739745","https://openalex.org/W3011318476","https://openalex.org/W3095073866","https://openalex.org/W3104028856","https://openalex.org/W3127649164","https://openalex.org/W3168231499","https://openalex.org/W3172195905","https://openalex.org/W4205590867","https://openalex.org/W4205947740","https://openalex.org/W6796463938"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062399876","https://openalex.org/W3014107421","https://openalex.org/W2363056446","https://openalex.org/W2081563414","https://openalex.org/W2359718298","https://openalex.org/W2377062149","https://openalex.org/W2607795551","https://openalex.org/W2380939102","https://openalex.org/W154554909","https://openalex.org/W3092613710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"widely":[4],"exploited":[5],"in":[6,10,27,98,134],"radio":[7,30],"modulation":[8,31],"recognition":[9,101,132],"recent":[11],"years.":[12],"In":[13,59],"this":[14],"paper,":[15],"we":[16,66],"exploit":[17],"empirical":[18],"mode":[19,24],"decomposition":[20,25],"(EMD)":[21],"and":[22,43,49,74,115,160],"variational":[23],"(VMD)":[26],"deep":[28,54],"learning-based":[29],"recognition.":[32],"The":[33],"received":[34],"IQ":[35],"sequences":[36],"are":[37,47],"decomposed":[38,45,72],"by":[39],"EMD":[40],"or":[41,124,130],"VMD":[42],"the":[44,52,63,71,80,88,116,131,151,158,162,166],"components":[46,73,78],"spliced":[48],"fed":[50],"into":[51,79],"designed":[53],"neural":[55],"network":[56,81,126],"for":[57,82,128],"classification.":[58,83],"order":[60],"to":[61,69],"reduce":[62,161],"computational":[64,163],"complexity,":[65],"further":[67,156],"propose":[68],"dowansample":[70],"input":[75],"these":[76],"downsampled":[77],"Simulation":[84],"results":[85],"show":[86,149],"that":[87,150],"proposed":[89,110,152],"methods":[90,97,111],"perform":[91],"far":[92],"better":[93],"than":[94],"other":[95],"transform-based":[96],"terms":[99],"of":[100,108,142],"accuracy.":[102],"There":[103],"is":[104,119,133,145],"also":[105,148],"performance":[106,117],"gain":[107,118],"our":[109],"over":[112],"IQ-based":[113],"method":[114],"larger":[120],"when":[121],"using":[122],"immature":[123],"shallow":[125],"architecture":[127],"classification":[129],"a":[135,170],"few-shot":[136],"scenario":[137],"where":[138],"only":[139],"small":[140],"number":[141],"training":[143],"samples":[144],"available.":[146],"Results":[147],"downsampling":[153,173],"scheme":[154],"can":[155],"improve":[157],"accuracy":[159],"complexity":[164],"at":[165],"same":[167],"time":[168],"with":[169],"properly":[171],"chosen":[172],"factor.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}