{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292826144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2022.3201080","title":"Blockchain Structure Electromagnetic Spectrum Database in Distributed Cognitive Radio Monitoring System","display_name":"Blockchain Structure Electromagnetic Spectrum Database in Distributed Cognitive Radio Monitoring System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292826144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2022.3201080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2022.3201080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2022.3201080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070067028","display_name":"Zhenjia Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-2456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenjia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of was the School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-2456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of was the School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434965","display_name":"Lihui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-8049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of was the School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of was the School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076730753","display_name":"Yonghui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-0862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of was the School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of was the School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75869766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"1647","last_page":"1664"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8621194362640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7852202653884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-spectrum","display_name":"Electromagnetic spectrum","score":0.5053523182868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5015361309051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.43957796692848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4135252833366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35464543104171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23970305919647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.23515194654464722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10503089427947998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8621194362640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7852202653884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155761240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133139","display_name":"Electromagnetic spectrum","level":2,"score":0.5053523182868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5015361309051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.43957796692848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4135252833366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35464543104171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23970305919647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.23515194654464722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10503089427947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2022.3201080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2022.3201080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8671873188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482632304","https://openalex.org/W1511528819","https://openalex.org/W1839805146","https://openalex.org/W1844348706","https://openalex.org/W1899862007","https://openalex.org/W1964770519","https://openalex.org/W1971130674","https://openalex.org/W1999077254","https://openalex.org/W2018848204","https://openalex.org/W2023626354","https://openalex.org/W2033208766","https://openalex.org/W2036931385","https://openalex.org/W2040316938","https://openalex.org/W2044549522","https://openalex.org/W2056762649","https://openalex.org/W2057059635","https://openalex.org/W2079688514","https://openalex.org/W2084911055","https://openalex.org/W2086494376","https://openalex.org/W2089055951","https://openalex.org/W2091711474","https://openalex.org/W2101734002","https://openalex.org/W2123673584","https://openalex.org/W2125982418","https://openalex.org/W2133720510","https://openalex.org/W2138240075","https://openalex.org/W2142764821","https://openalex.org/W2144010578","https://openalex.org/W2144369278","https://openalex.org/W2151375904","https://openalex.org/W2154574806","https://openalex.org/W2162657189","https://openalex.org/W2300355694","https://openalex.org/W2343899768","https://openalex.org/W2594521359","https://openalex.org/W2607740018","https://openalex.org/W2623832849","https://openalex.org/W2736784185","https://openalex.org/W2775383661","https://openalex.org/W2792035477","https://openalex.org/W2891523127","https://openalex.org/W2897396217","https://openalex.org/W2963395003","https://openalex.org/W2968406963","https://openalex.org/W4232609294","https://openalex.org/W6638872600","https://openalex.org/W6697394864","https://openalex.org/W6741120213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2236567279","https://openalex.org/W4225341666","https://openalex.org/W2188389332","https://openalex.org/W3046087850","https://openalex.org/W1988869880","https://openalex.org/W185479762","https://openalex.org/W3161816731","https://openalex.org/W2224800885","https://openalex.org/W2153872761","https://openalex.org/W2392764151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"centralized":[1],"electromagnetic":[2,81,107,161],"spectrum":[3,82,108,128,132,139,162,187],"monitoring":[4],"platforms":[5],"collect":[6],"energy":[7],"detection":[8,36,61,96],"data":[9,20,33,70,178],"from":[10],"time,":[11,173],"frequency":[12],"and":[13,27,193],"space":[14],"dimensions.":[15],"This":[16],"method":[17,54],"has":[18],"high":[19],"redundancy.":[21],"Combining":[22],"the":[23,28,41,57,74,79,87,95,103,112,119,122,138,148,158,166,171,174],"propagation":[24,167],"loss":[25,168],"characteristics":[26],"signal":[29,42],"direction":[30],"finding":[31],"(DF)":[32],"of":[34,59,91,106,121,160,176],"each":[35],"node,":[37],"we":[38,110],"focus":[39],"on":[40,86,165,191],"source":[43],"compressed":[44],"parameter":[45],"estimation.":[46],"We":[47],"propose":[48,111],"a":[49,131],"minimum":[50],"average":[51],"distance":[52],"(MAD)":[53],"to":[55,77,117,147],"improve":[56],"accuracy":[58],"collaborative":[60,68],"in":[62,73,195],"Cognitive":[63],"Radio":[64],"Network":[65],"(CRN).":[66],"The":[67,150],"estimated":[69],"is":[71,180],"stored":[72],"blockchain":[75],"structure":[76],"establish":[78],"distributed":[80,196],"database":[83],"(BC-DSDB).":[84],"Based":[85],"consensus":[88],"mechanism":[89],"Proof":[90],"High":[92],"Confidence":[93],"(POHC),":[94],"nodes":[97],"maintain":[98],"BC-DSDB":[99,155,192],"independently.":[100],"To":[101],"regulate":[102],"rational":[104],"utilization":[105],"resources,":[109],"Spectrum":[113],"Resource":[114],"Currency":[115],"(SRC)":[116],"evaluate":[118],"priority":[120],"secondary":[123],"user":[124],"(SU)":[125],"for":[126],"dynamic":[127,186],"access.":[129],"When":[130],"collision":[133],"event":[134],"occurs":[135],"between":[136],"SUs,":[137],"time":[140],"slice":[141],"resources":[142,163],"can":[143,183],"be":[144],"allocated":[145],"according":[146],"SRC.":[149],"experimental":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"that":[154],"accurately":[156],"describes":[157],"distribution":[159],"based":[164,190],"characteristics.":[169],"At":[170],"same":[172],"redundancy":[175],"spectral":[177],"storage":[179],"reduced.":[181],"SUs":[182],"quickly":[184],"formulate":[185],"access":[188],"policies":[189],"SRC":[194],"cognitive":[197],"radio":[198],"networks.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}