{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210312767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2022.3149092","title":"Low-Bitwidth Convolutional Neural Networks for Wireless Interference Identification","display_name":"Low-Bitwidth Convolutional Neural Networks for Wireless Interference Identification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210312767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2022.3149092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2022.3149092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2022.3149092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100317580","display_name":"Pengyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4581-9004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101462686","display_name":"Yufan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4271-299X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080299506","display_name":"Qihang Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-9028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihang Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036686399","display_name":"Binhong Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binhong Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020825307","display_name":"Shaoqian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-3195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoqian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100317580"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89127899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"557","last_page":"569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8591887950897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.7506287693977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6010276675224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5560829639434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4915493428707123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48520925641059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4646565020084381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45937857031822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42559242248535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3505646586418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08025595545768738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8591887950897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.7506287693977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6010276675224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5560829639434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4915493428707123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48520925641059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4646565020084381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45937857031822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42559242248535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3505646586418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08025595545768738}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2022.3149092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2022.3149092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6121147698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6339383149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19B2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6863986931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62131005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502616470","https://openalex.org/W1555887429","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1974340448","https://openalex.org/W2097025901","https://openalex.org/W2101216927","https://openalex.org/W2156288624","https://openalex.org/W2162121684","https://openalex.org/W2165189186","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2469490737","https://openalex.org/W2546399733","https://openalex.org/W2566425973","https://openalex.org/W2589939215","https://openalex.org/W2591951844","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2743368857","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2786771851","https://openalex.org/W2884150179","https://openalex.org/W2891654323","https://openalex.org/W2901472163","https://openalex.org/W2948518956","https://openalex.org/W2953235111","https://openalex.org/W2955133642","https://openalex.org/W2962883549","https://openalex.org/W2963521187","https://openalex.org/W2970843912","https://openalex.org/W2979580159","https://openalex.org/W2991002474","https://openalex.org/W3004061291","https://openalex.org/W3006541201","https://openalex.org/W3023922173","https://openalex.org/W3045854076","https://openalex.org/W3083186648","https://openalex.org/W3085005989","https://openalex.org/W3086892208","https://openalex.org/W3094399866","https://openalex.org/W3096423797","https://openalex.org/W3116219244","https://openalex.org/W3128299679","https://openalex.org/W3146698427","https://openalex.org/W3167948099","https://openalex.org/W3170485195","https://openalex.org/W6626282329","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6693397755","https://openalex.org/W6720242923","https://openalex.org/W6745722055","https://openalex.org/W6748163181","https://openalex.org/W6748224102","https://openalex.org/W6753770798","https://openalex.org/W6779885597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3204400881","https://openalex.org/W4390846322","https://openalex.org/W3214410901","https://openalex.org/W3204296682","https://openalex.org/W3183118997","https://openalex.org/W2917767146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"interference":[1],"identification":[2],"(WII)":[3],"is":[4,45,83,138,214],"critical":[5],"for":[6,38,76,167],"non-cooperative":[7],"communication":[8],"systems":[9],"in":[10],"both":[11],"civilian":[12],"and":[13,140,219],"military":[14],"scenarios.":[15],"Recently,":[16],"deep":[17,51],"learning":[18],"(DL)":[19],"based":[20,40],"WII":[21],"methods":[22,31,41,226],"have":[23],"been":[24],"proposed":[25,200,210,225],"with":[26,69,111,223,238],"impressive":[27],"performances.":[28],"However,":[29],"these":[30],"did":[32],"not":[33],"consider":[34],"the":[35,60,88,94,108,112,115,124,156,169,172,182,199,206,209,224],"quantization":[36,90,173,201],"problem":[37,61],"DL":[39],"of":[42,62,96,114,155,171,208],"WII,":[43],"which":[44,152,193],"an":[46,129],"indispensable":[47],"process":[48],"when":[49],"deploying":[50],"neural":[52,66],"networks":[53,67,222],"into":[54,198],"hardware":[55],"units.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"addresses":[59],"training":[63,128,150,170,217],"quantized":[64,109,119,136],"convolutional":[65],"(CNNs),":[68],"low-precision":[70],"weights":[71],"as":[72,74,231],"well":[73],"activations":[75],"WII.":[77],"Optimizing":[78],"a":[79,135,149,163],"low-bit":[80],"width":[81],"network":[82,110,120,132,174,240],"very":[84],"challenging":[85],"due":[86],"to":[87,106,133,161,180,228,233],"non-differentiable":[89],"function.":[91],"To":[92,143],"mitigate":[93],"difficulty":[95],"training,":[97],"we":[98,104,146,187],"propose":[99,105,148,188],"three":[100],"effective":[101],"approaches.":[102],"Firstly,":[103],"train":[107],"guidance":[113],"full-precision":[116,125,131,165],"counterpart.":[117,126],"The":[118],"can":[121,194],"learn":[122],"from":[123],"Unfortunately,":[127],"extra":[130,176],"assist":[134],"model":[137],"cumbersome":[139],"computationally":[141],"expensive.":[142],"this":[144],"end,":[145],"further":[147],"mechanism":[151],"makes":[153],"use":[154],"manually":[157],"designed":[158],"probability":[159],"distributions":[160],"provide":[162],"virtual":[164],"counterpart":[166],"guiding":[168],"without":[175],"computational":[177],"cost.":[178],"Thirdly,":[179],"make":[181],"gradient":[183],"back-propagates":[184],"more":[185],"easily,":[186],"novel":[189],"auxiliary":[190],"output":[191],"modules,":[192],"be":[195],"seamlessly":[196],"incorporated":[197],"networks.":[202],"Experimental":[203],"results":[204],"validate":[205],"effectiveness":[207],"methods.":[211],"Furthermore,":[212],"it":[213],"shown":[215],"that":[216],"3-bit":[218],"4-bit":[220],"precision":[221,236],"leads":[227],"performance":[229],"improvement":[230],"compared":[232],"their":[234],"full":[235],"counterparts":[237],"standard":[239],"architectures.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
