{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213892977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2021.3126306","title":"Deep Learning Empowered MAC Protocol Identification With Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks","display_name":"Deep Learning Empowered MAC Protocol Identification With Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213892977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2021.3126306","mag":"3213892977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2021.3126306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2021.3126306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103100910","display_name":"Xutong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xutong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electro-Magnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electro-Magnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076455133","display_name":"Guoru Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-2547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoru Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103271811","display_name":"Jie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9769-8024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electro-Magnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electro-Magnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688855","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-7908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electro-Magnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electro-Magnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100785098","display_name":"Qihui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9521-5084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electro-Magnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electro-Magnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103100910"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87211326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"683","last_page":"693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8860214352607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6756837368011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6702078580856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6150391101837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5269763469696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.49800729751586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.47906622290611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47748467326164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4752882719039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4412488043308258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3617185354232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19907525181770325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8860214352607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6756837368011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6702078580856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6150391101837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5269763469696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.49800729751586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.47906622290611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47748467326164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4752882719039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4412488043308258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3617185354232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19907525181770325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2021.3126306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2021.3126306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G182740785","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20200440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3997961585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001220","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4000392769","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61827801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7144957540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1004-YAH20016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8220418264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NT2020009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W1981950047","https://openalex.org/W1985683890","https://openalex.org/W1993602208","https://openalex.org/W1993688539","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2083294747","https://openalex.org/W2096216442","https://openalex.org/W2111136196","https://openalex.org/W2145772337","https://openalex.org/W2162721555","https://openalex.org/W2165878107","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2624887404","https://openalex.org/W2695951553","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2741230443","https://openalex.org/W2807731816","https://openalex.org/W2810081224","https://openalex.org/W2810901824","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2900908517","https://openalex.org/W2901798886","https://openalex.org/W2908993293","https://openalex.org/W2910121883","https://openalex.org/W2951775076","https://openalex.org/W2952892149","https://openalex.org/W2959546144","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963495494","https://openalex.org/W2963895067","https://openalex.org/W2964909045","https://openalex.org/W2969276548","https://openalex.org/W2974893298","https://openalex.org/W2982286025","https://openalex.org/W2993464084","https://openalex.org/W2996232706","https://openalex.org/W2998637290","https://openalex.org/W3000235499","https://openalex.org/W3022086662","https://openalex.org/W3086892208","https://openalex.org/W3091255494","https://openalex.org/W3095612572","https://openalex.org/W3100321043","https://openalex.org/W3104028856","https://openalex.org/W3113857838","https://openalex.org/W3119680904","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6671413454","https://openalex.org/W6682747227","https://openalex.org/W6749931683","https://openalex.org/W6787594865"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3208266890","https://openalex.org/W2996933976","https://openalex.org/W3052481912","https://openalex.org/W3013515612","https://openalex.org/W2136184105","https://openalex.org/W2187500075","https://openalex.org/W2041399278","https://openalex.org/W2056016498","https://openalex.org/W2336974148","https://openalex.org/W2345184372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medium":[0],"access":[1],"control":[2],"(MAC)":[3],"protocol":[4,79,116],"identification":[5,48,80,106,117],"in":[6,32,43,100],"the":[7,21,47,54,67,87,105,124,140,143],"context":[8],"of":[9,56,66,142],"cognitive":[10],"radio":[11],"is":[12,17,41,50,120],"a":[13,38,73,108,112,127],"challenging":[14],"issue,":[15],"which":[16,83,122],"usually":[18],"solved":[19],"by":[20,60],"support":[22],"vector":[23],"machine":[24],"(SVM)":[25],"method.":[26],"To":[27],"avoid":[28],"manual":[29],"feature":[30],"extraction":[31],"SVM":[33],"and":[34,63,94],"realize":[35],"accurate":[36],"identification,":[37],"graphical":[39],"scheme":[40],"adopted":[42],"this":[44],"work.":[45],"Firstly,":[46],"problem":[49],"modeled":[51],"to":[52,102,138],"analyze":[53],"distinctions":[55],"four":[57],"MAC":[58,78,115],"protocols":[59],"exploiting":[61],"time":[62],"power":[64],"features":[65],"received":[68],"signal.":[69],"Then,":[70],"we":[71],"propose":[72],"convolutional":[74],"neural":[75],"network":[76],"(CNN)-based":[77],"(C-MPI)":[81],"method,":[82],"combines":[84],"CNN":[85,110],"with":[86,111],"time-frequency":[88],"image":[89],"that":[90],"contains":[91],"time,":[92],"frequency":[93],"energy":[95],"three":[96],"dimensional":[97],"information.":[98],"Moreover,":[99],"order":[101],"further":[103],"improve":[104],"performance,":[107],"modified":[109],"squeeze-and-excitation":[113],"mechanism-based":[114],"(CSE-MPI)":[118],"approach":[119],"developed,":[121],"plugs":[123],"SE":[125],"block,":[126],"channel-wise":[128],"attention":[129],"mechanism,":[130],"into":[131],"classical":[132],"CNN.":[133],"Numerical":[134],"simulations":[135],"are":[136],"provided":[137],"demonstrate":[139],"effectiveness":[141],"proposed":[144],"approaches.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}