{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206689400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2021.3118465","title":"Fine Timing and Frequency Synchronization for MIMO-OFDM: An Extreme Learning Approach","display_name":"Fine Timing and Frequency Synchronization for MIMO-OFDM: An Extreme Learning Approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206689400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2021.3118465","mag":"3206689400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.09248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.09248","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.09248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.09248","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039916999","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8769-7231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054608700","display_name":"Kai Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6191-3215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei, Kai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458555","display_name":"Xiaochen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-5337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Xiaochen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084710654","display_name":"Des McLernon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8278-6171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McLernon, Des","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025383728","display_name":"Dongtang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-9312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Dongtang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020741290","display_name":"Jibo Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0165-6119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei, Jibo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011903629","display_name":"Syed Ali Raza Zaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1969-3727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaidi, Syed Ali Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039916999"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91534383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.7731043100357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7057124972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.6485497951507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.622223973274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5590817332267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5338481664657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preamble","display_name":"Preamble","score":0.5081231594085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo-ofdm","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","score":0.5039946436882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4506551921367645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.4462505578994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.4455997347831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4351540803909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.423573762178421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.40845394134521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4034169912338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23036453127861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22845369577407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13876286149024963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.08999770879745483}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7731043100357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7057124972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.6485497951507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.622223973274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5590817332267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5338481664657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780691134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129448","display_name":"Preamble","level":3,"score":0.5081231594085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5988271","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","level":4,"score":0.5039946436882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4506551921367645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.4462505578994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.4455997347831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4351540803909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.423573762178421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.40845394134521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4034169912338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23036453127861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22845369577407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13876286149024963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.08999770879745483}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.09248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.09248","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.09248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.09248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.09248","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.09248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1058793228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101569","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4038673326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61372099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5957157650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601480","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8540275219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61931020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W262820864","https://openalex.org/W1584232736","https://openalex.org/W1980469326","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2035192917","https://openalex.org/W2096645758","https://openalex.org/W2098694510","https://openalex.org/W2103699908","https://openalex.org/W2110774823","https://openalex.org/W2115775584","https://openalex.org/W2116017038","https://openalex.org/W2132147894","https://openalex.org/W2139832635","https://openalex.org/W2164177859","https://openalex.org/W2169976759","https://openalex.org/W2320703891","https://openalex.org/W2528073397","https://openalex.org/W2580441539","https://openalex.org/W2618123113","https://openalex.org/W2735932416","https://openalex.org/W2736068844","https://openalex.org/W2749200448","https://openalex.org/W2798948906","https://openalex.org/W2884849751","https://openalex.org/W2900850244","https://openalex.org/W2920855806","https://openalex.org/W2944933595","https://openalex.org/W2946774101","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W3007810166","https://openalex.org/W3019546206","https://openalex.org/W3023940643","https://openalex.org/W3039679052","https://openalex.org/W3177799270","https://openalex.org/W4205533812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033692824","https://openalex.org/W2463570369","https://openalex.org/W2122124862","https://openalex.org/W2155529222","https://openalex.org/W2789593045","https://openalex.org/W2107432979","https://openalex.org/W2002553149","https://openalex.org/W2163799874","https://openalex.org/W2142667235","https://openalex.org/W2010378487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple-input":[0],"multiple-output":[1],"orthogonal":[2],"frequency-division":[3],"multiplexing":[4],"(MIMO-OFDM)":[5],"is":[6,99,149],"a":[7,41,66,171],"key":[8],"technology":[9],"component":[10],"in":[11,18,21,151,165],"the":[12,23,32,55,73,80,91,94,102,120,126,133,146,154],"evolution":[13],"towards":[14],"cognitive":[15],"radio":[16],"(CR)":[17],"next-generation":[19],"communication":[20],"which":[22],"accuracy":[24],"of":[25,93,135,153,156,161,167],"timing":[26,76],"and":[27,79,112,141,163],"frequency":[28,83,113],"synchronization":[29,59,97],"significantly":[30],"impacts":[31],"overall":[33],"system":[34,69],"performance.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39],"propose":[40],"novel":[42],"scheme":[43,98],"leveraging":[44],"extreme":[45],"learning":[46,123,173],"machine":[47,122,172],"(ELM)":[48],"to":[49,70,101],"achieve":[50],"high-precision":[51],"synchronization.":[52],"Specifically,":[53],"exploiting":[54],"preamble":[56],"signals":[57],"with":[58,119],"offsets,":[60],"two":[61],"ELMs":[62],"are":[63],"incorporated":[64],"into":[65],"traditional":[67,103],"MIMO-OFDM":[68],"estimate":[71],"both":[72,106],"residual":[74,81],"symbol":[75],"offset":[77,84],"(RSTO)":[78],"carrier":[82],"(RCFO).":[85],"The":[86],"simulation":[87],"results":[88],"show":[89],"that":[90],"performance":[92,131],"proposed":[95,127,147],"ELM-based":[96],"superior":[100],"method":[104,128,148],"under":[105],"additive":[107],"white":[108],"Gaussian":[109],"noise":[110],"(AWGN)":[111],"selective":[114],"fading":[115],"channels.":[116],"Furthermore,":[117],"comparing":[118],"existing":[121],"based":[124],"techniques,":[125],"shows":[129],"outstanding":[130],"without":[132],"requirement":[134],"perfect":[136],"channel":[137,157],"state":[138],"information":[139],"(CSI)":[140],"prohibitive":[142],"computational":[143],"complexity.":[144],"Finally,":[145],"robust":[150],"terms":[152,166],"choice":[155],"parameters":[158],"(e.g.,":[159],"number":[160],"paths)":[162],"also":[164],"\"generalization":[168],"ability\"":[169],"from":[170],"standpoint.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}
