{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006024017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2020.2973572","title":"Spectrum Availability Prediction for Cognitive Radio Communications: A DCG Approach","display_name":"Spectrum Availability Prediction for Cognitive Radio Communications: A DCG Approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006024017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2020.2973572","mag":"3006024017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2020.2973572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2020.2973572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091486269","display_name":"Lixing Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0333-2476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0333-2476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026759570","display_name":"Yifan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9700-5005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9700-5005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075121594","display_name":"Qianlong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-4909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianlong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-4909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108048105","display_name":"Changqing Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-9380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqing Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351429","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4303-2438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083406034","display_name":"Weixian Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1444-8925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4322298","display_name":"Towson University","ror":"https://ror.org/044w7a341","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixian Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Towson University, Towson, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1444-8925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Towson University, Towson, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455171","display_name":"Pan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-2446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-2446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93724777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"476","last_page":"485"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.867714524269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8630058169364929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.657251238822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5961296558380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5414348840713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5404935479164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.5387037992477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.44377508759498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43238964676856995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39399486780166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3933559060096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37273862957954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2588382959365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13087549805641174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.867714524269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8630058169364929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.657251238822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5961296558380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5414348840713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5404935479164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.5387037992477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.44377508759498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43238964676856995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39399486780166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3933559060096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37273862957954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2588382959365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13087549805641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2020.2973572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2020.2973572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34239198","https://openalex.org/W1940872118","https://openalex.org/W1947481528","https://openalex.org/W1982067089","https://openalex.org/W2001843648","https://openalex.org/W2003696209","https://openalex.org/W2035343789","https://openalex.org/W2070631811","https://openalex.org/W2096962951","https://openalex.org/W2101840010","https://openalex.org/W2115400030","https://openalex.org/W2115613106","https://openalex.org/W2122425602","https://openalex.org/W2140439073","https://openalex.org/W2143494522","https://openalex.org/W2144369278","https://openalex.org/W2153090463","https://openalex.org/W2153749319","https://openalex.org/W2155027007","https://openalex.org/W2162198265","https://openalex.org/W2169061815","https://openalex.org/W2194187530","https://openalex.org/W2285768531","https://openalex.org/W2345079809","https://openalex.org/W2524077699","https://openalex.org/W2744822029","https://openalex.org/W2810482148","https://openalex.org/W2944313727","https://openalex.org/W2982478185","https://openalex.org/W3010867338","https://openalex.org/W6601402213","https://openalex.org/W6682468974","https://openalex.org/W6683204974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786459840","https://openalex.org/W2545213287","https://openalex.org/W2336181987","https://openalex.org/W2054719951","https://openalex.org/W4389477274","https://openalex.org/W3089664461","https://openalex.org/W1976405282","https://openalex.org/W2541724026","https://openalex.org/W1157983132","https://openalex.org/W2392764151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"Radio":[1],"(CR)":[2],"technology":[3],"enables":[4],"secondary":[5],"users":[6,17],"(SUs)":[7],"to":[8,23,32,52,63,154,191,195,200],"opportunistically":[9],"access":[10],"unused":[11],"licensed":[12],"spectrum":[13,54,60,88,118,129,146],"owned":[14],"by":[15,171,205],"primary":[16],"(PUs).":[18],"It":[19],"has":[20,39,167],"the":[21,33,45,95,102,111,141,158,197,213],"potential":[22],"significantly":[24],"enhance":[25],"communication":[26],"capacity,":[27],"which":[28,108],"is":[29,51,109,162,219],"very":[30],"critical":[31],"next-generation":[34],"wireless":[35],"network":[36,99,106],"design":[37,184],"and":[38,72,74,101,114,166,216,223],"attracted":[40],"intensive":[41],"attention.":[42],"One":[43],"of":[44,94,138,212],"key":[46],"issues":[47],"in":[48],"CR":[49,178],"communications":[50],"detect":[53],"availability.":[55],"Traditional":[56],"approaches":[57],"rely":[58],"on":[59,127,157],"sensing":[61],"techniques":[62],"address":[64],"this":[65,82,122,181],"problem,":[66],"which,":[67],"however,":[68],"consume":[69],"considerable":[70],"energy":[71],"time,":[73],"require":[75],"complex":[76],"prior":[77,136],"information":[78,137],"from":[79],"PUs.":[80,139],"In":[81],"paper,":[83],"we":[84,183],"develop":[85],"a":[86,163],"hierarchical":[87],"learning":[89,175],"system":[90],"that":[91,229],"takes":[92],"advantage":[93],"fine-tuned":[96],"convolutional":[97],"neural":[98],"(CNN)":[100],"gated":[103],"recurrent":[104],"unit":[105],"(GRU),":[107],"called":[110,189],"dual":[112],"CNN":[113],"GRU":[115],"(DCG),":[116],"for":[117,131,177],"availability":[119,130,147],"prediction.":[120,209],"Particularly,":[121],"model":[123,188],"performs":[124],"accurate":[125],"predictions":[126],"local":[128],"each":[132,203],"SU":[133],"without":[134],"any":[135],"On":[140],"other":[142,204],"hand,":[143],"knowing":[144],"their":[145],"does":[148],"not":[149],"necessarily":[150],"enable":[151,192],"two":[152,193],"SUs":[153,194],"successfully":[155],"communicate":[156,201],"same":[159,198],"channel.":[160],"This":[161],"challenging":[164],"problem":[165],"been":[168],"largely":[169],"ignored":[170],"previous":[172],"studies":[173],"designing":[174],"models":[176,218,232],"communications.":[179],"Towards":[180],"goad,":[182],"an":[185],"enhanced":[186],"DCG":[187,215],"EDCG":[190,217],"find":[196],"channel":[199,207],"with":[202,237],"performing":[206],"selection":[208],"The":[210,226],"performance":[211],"designed":[214,231],"demonstrated":[220],"through":[221],"extensive":[222],"thorough":[224],"simulations.":[225],"results":[227],"show":[228],"our":[230],"achieve":[233],"high":[234],"prediction":[235],"accuracy":[236],"limited":[238],"training":[239],"overhead.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}