{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2959695863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2019.2936193","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Caching in Hierarchical Content Delivery Networks","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Caching in Hierarchical Content Delivery Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2959695863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2019.2936193","mag":"2959695863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2019.2936193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2019.2936193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.10301","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101510493","display_name":"Alireza Sadeghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-7592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Sadeghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7266-2412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Georgios B. Giannakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-6056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800403580","display_name":"University of Minnesota System","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios B. Giannakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","university of minnesota;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"university of minnesota;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101510493"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7427,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74331653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"1024","last_page":"1033"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9555000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9352999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8401044011116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8298990726470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.706786036491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6799578666687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6044978499412537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5597483515739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5117906928062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5045126676559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-delivery","display_name":"Content delivery","score":0.4858643412590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.47783374786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-sharing","display_name":"False sharing","score":0.47578489780426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.43650007247924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22836080193519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2267988622188568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-algorithms","display_name":"Cache algorithms","score":0.14462551474571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.12008485198020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11191549897193909}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8401044011116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8298990726470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.706786036491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6799578666687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6044978499412537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5597483515739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5117906928062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5045126676559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986847828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269415","display_name":"Content delivery","level":2,"score":0.4858643412590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47783374786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5165142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432732","display_name":"False sharing","level":5,"score":0.47578489780426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43650007247924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22836080193519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2267988622188568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38556500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13404475","display_name":"Cache algorithms","level":4,"score":0.14462551474571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.12008485198020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11191549897193909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189783530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"CPU cache","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2019.2936193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2019.2936193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1902.10301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.10301","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.10301","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2959695863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1902.10301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1902.10301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.10301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1902.10301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.10301","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.10301","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1515802232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1711471","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4232543837","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1514056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8046933960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1901134","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W1626155273","https://openalex.org/W1733806262","https://openalex.org/W1972458861","https://openalex.org/W1976986662","https://openalex.org/W1985573567","https://openalex.org/W2024176568","https://openalex.org/W2032100464","https://openalex.org/W2037169571","https://openalex.org/W2048124060","https://openalex.org/W2051773775","https://openalex.org/W2083766832","https://openalex.org/W2106248279","https://openalex.org/W2108114251","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2130356538","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2173248099","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2333682396","https://openalex.org/W2342840547","https://openalex.org/W2404272329","https://openalex.org/W2493746814","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2565419328","https://openalex.org/W2612336410","https://openalex.org/W2745574548","https://openalex.org/W2746390786","https://openalex.org/W2756144809","https://openalex.org/W2761862361","https://openalex.org/W2772526503","https://openalex.org/W2784814774","https://openalex.org/W2805099501","https://openalex.org/W2808980893","https://openalex.org/W2885208219","https://openalex.org/W2885965959","https://openalex.org/W2898035736","https://openalex.org/W2898231005","https://openalex.org/W2900620189","https://openalex.org/W2903523957","https://openalex.org/W2923285122","https://openalex.org/W2941002691","https://openalex.org/W2949194227","https://openalex.org/W2962801070","https://openalex.org/W2962808528","https://openalex.org/W2962837608","https://openalex.org/W2963246369","https://openalex.org/W2963531342","https://openalex.org/W2963543042","https://openalex.org/W2963620705","https://openalex.org/W2963805280","https://openalex.org/W2966982543","https://openalex.org/W3004623663","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3139377883","https://openalex.org/W6662496955","https://openalex.org/W6676576766","https://openalex.org/W6756386766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2930419200","https://openalex.org/W2969218621","https://openalex.org/W3015741575","https://openalex.org/W3027626886","https://openalex.org/W3002844053","https://openalex.org/W2869903415","https://openalex.org/W3011210164","https://openalex.org/W2773797831","https://openalex.org/W3044812257","https://openalex.org/W2980550855","https://openalex.org/W2911573951","https://openalex.org/W2954165256","https://openalex.org/W3120959647","https://openalex.org/W3004734422","https://openalex.org/W3193783065","https://openalex.org/W2531744496","https://openalex.org/W2946566042","https://openalex.org/W2586895297","https://openalex.org/W1989247047","https://openalex.org/W2597257102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Caching":[0],"is":[1,103,118],"envisioned":[2],"to":[3,74,78,128,148,150],"play":[4],"a":[5,69,98,113,125],"critical":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,138,166],"next-generation":[9],"content":[10],"delivery":[11],"infrastructure,":[12],"cellular":[13],"networks,":[14],"and":[15,95,132],"Internet":[16],"architectures.":[17],"By":[18],"smartly":[19],"storing":[20],"the":[21,26,52,85,93,108,130,134,143],"most":[22],"popular":[23],"contents":[24],"at":[25,92],"storage-enabled":[27],"network":[28,38,57],"entities":[29,58],"during":[30,45],"off-peak":[31],"demand":[32],"instances,":[33],"caching":[34,62,66,71,90,136,168],"can":[35],"benefit":[36],"both":[37],"infrastructure":[39],"as":[40,42,156,158,170],"well":[41,157],"end":[43],"users,":[44],"on-peak":[46],"periods.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"context,":[50],"distributing":[51],"limited":[53],"storage":[54],"capacity":[55],"across":[56],"calls":[59],"for":[60],"decentralized":[61],"schemes.":[63],"Many":[64],"practical":[65],"systems":[67],"involve":[68],"parent":[70,94,144],"node":[72,145],"connected":[73],"multiple":[75],"leaf":[76,96,154],"nodes":[77,155],"serve":[79],"user":[80],"file":[81,163],"requests.":[82],"To":[83,106],"model":[84],"two-way":[86],"interactive":[87],"influence":[88],"between":[89],"decisions":[91],"nodes,":[97],"reinforcement":[99],"learning":[100],"(RL)":[101],"framework":[102],"put":[104],"forth.":[105],"handle":[107],"large":[109],"continuous":[110],"state":[111],"space,":[112],"scalable":[114],"deep":[115],"RL":[116],"approach":[117,122],"pursued.":[119],"The":[120],"novel":[121],"relies":[123],"on":[124],"hyper-deep":[126],"Q-network":[127],"learn":[129],"Q-function,":[131],"thus":[133],"optimal":[135],"policy,":[137],"an":[139],"online":[140],"fashion.":[141],"Reinforcing":[142],"with":[146],"ability":[147],"learn-and-adapt":[149],"unknown":[151],"policies":[152],"of":[153,162],"spatio-temporal":[159],"dynamic":[160],"evolution":[161],"requests,":[164],"results":[165],"remarkable":[167],"performance,":[169],"corroborated":[171],"through":[172],"numerical":[173],"tests.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}