{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2767585492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2771558","title":"RF-Spectrum Opportunities for Cognitive Radio Networks Operating Over GSM Channels","display_name":"RF-Spectrum Opportunities for Cognitive Radio Networks Operating Over GSM Channels","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2767585492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2771558","mag":"2767585492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2017.2771558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2771558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021551324","display_name":"Miguel Lu\u00eds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-2462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Luis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-2462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066758733","display_name":"Rodolfo Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-8438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodolfo Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Engenharia Electrot\u00e9cnica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-8438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Engenharia Electrot\u00e9cnica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034724801","display_name":"Rui Dinis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-7267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Dinis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Engenharia Electrot\u00e9cnica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-7267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Engenharia Electrot\u00e9cnica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023238754","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Bernardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3384-9997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Bernardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Engenharia Electrot\u00e9cnica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3384-9997","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Engenharia Electrot\u00e9cnica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021551324"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4123,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90665961,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"731","last_page":"739"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8533179759979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.8009713888168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.750535249710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.7208317518234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5785247087478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5708750486373901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.49797725677490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4839823246002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4663507044315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle","display_name":"Idle","score":0.46160072088241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4420573115348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.4251977503299713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3839026987552643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.30255991220474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2736052870750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10482698678970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08789229393005371}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8533179759979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.8009713888168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.750535249710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.7208317518234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5785247087478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5708750486373901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.49797725677490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4839823246002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4663507044315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.46160072088241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4420573115348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.4251977503299713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3839026987552643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.30255991220474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2736052870750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10482698678970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08789229393005371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2017.2771558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2771558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967719614","https://openalex.org/W1969232590","https://openalex.org/W1973104429","https://openalex.org/W1986916025","https://openalex.org/W1997892954","https://openalex.org/W2004165345","https://openalex.org/W2009850539","https://openalex.org/W2016303810","https://openalex.org/W2024699613","https://openalex.org/W2032274268","https://openalex.org/W2050851064","https://openalex.org/W2055236216","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2079746042","https://openalex.org/W2098461122","https://openalex.org/W2099595485","https://openalex.org/W2103606750","https://openalex.org/W2118332692","https://openalex.org/W2129559079","https://openalex.org/W2142764821","https://openalex.org/W2162058532","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2354005007","https://openalex.org/W2514822620","https://openalex.org/W2519556668","https://openalex.org/W2735673061","https://openalex.org/W2741474300","https://openalex.org/W2741764256","https://openalex.org/W4241780302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098432861","https://openalex.org/W2487859980","https://openalex.org/W1989642027","https://openalex.org/W2079465364","https://openalex.org/W2887315079","https://openalex.org/W2033764231","https://openalex.org/W4224939014","https://openalex.org/W2030368391","https://openalex.org/W2545213287","https://openalex.org/W2162075876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,31],"this":[1,188],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,35,56,83,102],"characterize":[4],"the":[5,23,37,43,58,63,72,78,81,86,89,108,111,119,136,140,143,148,151,154,162,166,196,199],"radio":[6,28,49],"frequency":[7],"spectrum":[8,73],"opportunities":[9],"available":[10],"in":[11,187],"a":[12,26,32,46,52,104,127,174,180],"common":[13],"global":[14],"system":[15,65],"for":[16,107,161],"mobile":[17],"communications":[18],"(GSM)":[19],"channel":[20,44],"to":[21,41],"support":[22],"operation":[24],"of":[25,80,88,91,110,142,150,198],"cognitive":[27],"network":[29],"(CRN).":[30],"first":[33],"step,":[34],"describe":[36],"technical":[38],"details":[39],"involved":[40],"sample":[42],"using":[45],"software":[47],"defined":[48],"device.":[50],"Adopting":[51],"simple":[53],"energy-based":[54],"detector,":[55,82],"identify":[57],"two":[59],"energy":[60],"regions":[61],"where":[62],"GSM":[64,181],"is":[66,133,145],"active":[67],"or":[68],"inactive":[69],"and":[70,93],"evaluate":[71],"sensing":[74],"accuracy.":[75],"Based":[76],"on":[77],"output":[79],"show":[84],"that":[85,118,169],"distribution":[87,109],"durations":[90],"busy":[92],"idle":[94],"periods":[95],"are":[96,190],"approximated":[97],"by":[98,126,135,147],"geometric":[99],"distributions.":[100],"Finally,":[101],"validate":[103],"theoretical":[105],"model":[106],"service":[112,120,152,201],"time.":[113],"The":[114,184],"validation":[115],"results":[116,185],"indicate":[117],"time":[121,202],"can":[122,170],"be":[123,171],"successfully":[124],"represented":[125,146],"discrete":[128],"generalized":[129],"Pareto":[130],"distribution,":[131],"which":[132],"confirmed":[134],"Kolmogorov-Smirnov":[137],"test.":[138],"Because":[139],"throughput":[141,168],"CRN":[144],"inverse":[149],"time,":[153],"proposed":[155,200],"analysis":[156],"provides":[157],"an":[158],"upper":[159],"bound":[160],"networks'":[163],"throughput,":[164],"indicating":[165],"maximum":[167],"attained":[172],"when":[173],"single":[175],"secondary":[176],"user":[177],"transmits":[178],"over":[179],"cellular":[182],"channel.":[183],"presented":[186],"paper":[189],"validated":[191],"with":[192],"real":[193],"data,":[194],"confirming":[195],"accuracy":[197],"model.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}