{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2765551136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2769121","title":"Stackelberg Equilibria of an Anti-Jamming Game in Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks","display_name":"Stackelberg Equilibria of an Anti-Jamming Game in Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2765551136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2769121","mag":"2765551136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2017.2769121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2769121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046989327","display_name":"Ismail K. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-5777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ismail K. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011776428","display_name":"Abraham O. Fapojuwo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2577-3416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abraham O. Fapojuwo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046989327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3152,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93371227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"121","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.9572089910507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8688988089561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.8104215860366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7737665176391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.6286149024963379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.6025568246841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5566081404685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategy","display_name":"Strategy","score":0.5533657670021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-induction","display_name":"Backward induction","score":0.5366911292076111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.527547299861908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5071506500244141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4456949234008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2805160880088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.10385259985923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10007178783416748}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.9572089910507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8688988089561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.8104215860366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7737665176391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.6286149024963379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.6025568246841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5566081404685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88959737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546627","display_name":"Strategy","level":3,"score":0.5533657670021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160343169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q968642","display_name":"Backward induction","level":3,"score":0.5366911292076111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.527547299861908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5071506500244141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4456949234008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2805160880088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.10385259985923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10007178783416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2017.2769121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2769121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28012414","https://openalex.org/W34952362","https://openalex.org/W138212348","https://openalex.org/W163035634","https://openalex.org/W175346879","https://openalex.org/W256288199","https://openalex.org/W1485997076","https://openalex.org/W1501380832","https://openalex.org/W1553388459","https://openalex.org/W1580713771","https://openalex.org/W1965055991","https://openalex.org/W1971309210","https://openalex.org/W1971460123","https://openalex.org/W2016764919","https://openalex.org/W2047399268","https://openalex.org/W2060108923","https://openalex.org/W2085443308","https://openalex.org/W2089649903","https://openalex.org/W2098773718","https://openalex.org/W2100530694","https://openalex.org/W2103138133","https://openalex.org/W2110504778","https://openalex.org/W2126879264","https://openalex.org/W2129188305","https://openalex.org/W2146009395","https://openalex.org/W2151687632","https://openalex.org/W2169833134","https://openalex.org/W2178742826","https://openalex.org/W2487783141","https://openalex.org/W2542731484","https://openalex.org/W2551175768","https://openalex.org/W2964313867","https://openalex.org/W2993565670","https://openalex.org/W3102219781","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6605617241","https://openalex.org/W6609613456","https://openalex.org/W6676131375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886787543","https://openalex.org/W2389742269","https://openalex.org/W2081462673","https://openalex.org/W1986856677","https://openalex.org/W2972558544","https://openalex.org/W2514762101","https://openalex.org/W2964064839","https://openalex.org/W2123795915","https://openalex.org/W58930150","https://openalex.org/W3086268593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,60,114],"deceiving":[1,58,150],"attacker":[2],"is":[3,63,118],"a":[4,9,41,46],"radio":[5,11],"jammer,":[6],"equipped":[7],"with":[8],"cognitive":[10],"(CR)":[12],"platform,":[13],"which":[14],"senses":[15],"the":[16,28,34,54,57,66,69,75,82,86,89,95,99,102,110,122,127,139,144,149,156,159,163],"frequency":[17,164],"spectrum":[18],"and":[19,88,101,106,134],"launches":[20],"jamming":[21],"actions":[22],"to":[23,52,72,120,152,161],"block,":[24],"mask,":[25],"or":[26],"emulate":[27],"legitimate":[29],"active":[30],"wireless":[31],"connections.":[32],"Using":[33],"IEEE":[35],"802.22":[36],"CR":[37],"network":[38],"(CRN)":[39],"as":[40],"basis,":[42],"this":[43,80],"paper":[44],"proposes":[45],"set":[47],"of":[48,68,124,146,148],"deception-based":[49],"defense":[50],"strategies":[51],"protect":[53],"CRNs":[55],"from":[56],"attack.":[59],"Stackelberg":[61,83],"framework":[62],"adopted":[64],"in":[65,126],"formulation":[67],"security":[70,129],"problem":[71],"account":[73],"for":[74],"attacker's":[76],"reconnaissance":[77],"capabilities.":[78],"To":[79],"end,":[81],"equilibria":[84],"between":[85],"attacker(s)":[87,100],"defending":[90,103,140],"CRs":[91,104,141,157],"are":[92,107],"calculated":[93],"under":[94],"two":[96],"cases":[97],"when":[98,155],"know":[105],"uncertain":[108],"about":[109],"primary":[111],"user":[112],"activity.":[113],"backward":[115],"induction":[116],"method":[117],"used":[119],"calculate":[121],"points":[123],"SE":[125],"formulated":[128],"game.":[130],"Both":[131],"theoretical":[132],"analysis":[133],"numerical":[135],"results":[136],"show":[137],"that":[138],"can":[142],"decrease":[143],"probability":[145],"success":[147],"attack":[151],"nearly":[153],"0%":[154],"have":[158],"incentive":[160],"defend":[162],"channel(s).":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}