{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2753549816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2748121","title":"3.5 GHz Environmental Sensing Capability Detection Thresholds and Deployment","display_name":"3.5 GHz Environmental Sensing Capability Detection Thresholds and Deployment","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2753549816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2748121","mag":"2753549816","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29303162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2017.2748121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2748121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5749426","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003918071","display_name":"Thao T. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6232-2214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101396","display_name":"Communications Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015xey021","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thao T. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA","Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077761543","display_name":"Michael R. Souryal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2023-5109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101396","display_name":"Communications Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015xey021","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael R. Souryal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA","Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2023-5109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085217776","display_name":"Anirudha Sahoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-5647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101396","display_name":"Communications Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015xey021","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirudha Sahoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA","Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068749062","display_name":"Timothy A. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-4037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101396","display_name":"Communications Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015xey021","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy A. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA","Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-4037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003918071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.3003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98515179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"437","last_page":"449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.925599992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.787589967250824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.583602249622345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5760026574134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.5669593214988708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5535818934440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.48763933777809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4772726893424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4677066504955292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.44073721766471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.43801435828208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3755720555782318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3710057735443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32478228211402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29484134912490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09563007950782776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.787589967250824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.583602249622345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5760026574134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.5669593214988708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5535818934440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.48763933777809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4772726893424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4677066504955292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.44073721766471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.43801435828208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3755720555782318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3710057735443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32478228211402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29484134912490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09563007950782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2017.2748121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2017.2748121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29303162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29303162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cognitive communications and networking","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5749426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5749426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Cogn Commun Netw","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5749426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5749426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Cogn Commun Netw","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591169274","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2327193670","https://openalex.org/W2612863199","https://openalex.org/W2752885492","https://openalex.org/W2753549816","https://openalex.org/W6617626364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130674020","https://openalex.org/W2093748878","https://openalex.org/W2333771223","https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W2120056845","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W1981531423","https://openalex.org/W4394861761","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2097297620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectrum":[0],"sharing":[1],"in":[2,85,211],"the":[3,35,53,60,68,82,92,97,107,135,138,151,167],"3.5":[4],"GHz":[5],"band":[6],"between":[7],"commercial":[8,65],"and":[9,30,42,88,112,130,147,179,208,222,226],"government":[10],"users":[11],"along":[12],"U.S.":[13],"coastal":[14],"areas":[15],"depends":[16,58],"on":[17,59,91],"an":[18],"environmental":[19],"sensing":[20],"capability":[21],"(ESC)-that":[22],"is,":[23],"a":[24,31,131,164,185],"network":[25],"of":[26,37,55,81,96,109,154,166,224],"radio":[27],"frequency":[28],"sensors":[29,57,111,225],"decision":[32],"system-to":[33],"detect":[34],"presence":[36],"incumbent":[38,69,119],"shipborne":[39,120],"radar":[40,70,98,121],"systems":[41,66,122],"trigger":[43],"protective":[44],"measures,":[45],"as":[46,194,196],"needed.":[47],"It":[48],"is":[49,163],"well":[50],"known":[51],"that":[52,160],"sensitivity":[54],"these":[56,149],"aggregate":[61,83],"interference":[62,84],"generated":[63],"by":[64,202,217,227],"to":[67,73,116,150,176,192],"receivers,":[71],"but":[72],"date":[74],"no":[75],"comprehensive":[76],"study":[77],"has":[78,173],"been":[79,174],"made":[80],"realistic":[86],"scenarios":[87],"its":[89],"impact":[90],"requirement":[93],"for":[94,105,220,229],"detection":[95,114,152,190],"signal.":[99],"This":[100],"paper":[101,213],"presents":[102],"systematic":[103],"methods":[104],"determining":[106],"placement":[108,162],"ESC":[110,218],"their":[113],"thresholds":[115,191],"adequately":[117],"protect":[118],"from":[123],"harmful":[124],"interference.":[125],"Using":[126],"terrain-based":[127],"propagation":[128],"models":[129],"population-based":[132],"deployment":[133,223],"model,":[134],"analysis":[136],"finds":[137],"offshore":[139],"distances":[140],"at":[141],"which":[142,172],"protection":[143],"must":[144],"be":[145,177,193,215],"triggered":[146],"relates":[148],"levels":[153],"coastline":[155],"sensors.":[156],"We":[157],"further":[158],"show":[159,189],"sensor":[161,231],"form":[165],"well-known":[168],"set":[169],"cover":[170],"problem,":[171],"shown":[175],"NP-complete,":[178],"demonstrate":[180],"practical":[181],"solutions":[182],"achieved":[183],"with":[184],"greedy":[186],"algorithm.":[187],"Results":[188],"much":[195],"22":[197],"dB":[198],"lower":[199],"than":[200],"required":[201],"current":[203],"industry":[204],"standards.":[205],"The":[206],"methodology":[207],"results":[209],"presented":[210],"this":[212],"can":[214],"used":[216],"operators":[219],"planning":[221],"regulators":[228],"testing":[230],"performance.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
