{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2505036611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2016.2592921","title":"An Overview of Dynamic Spectrum Sharing: Ongoing Initiatives, Challenges, and a Roadmap for Future Research","display_name":"An Overview of Dynamic Spectrum Sharing: Ongoing Initiatives, Challenges, and a Roadmap for Future Research","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2505036611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2016.2592921","mag":"2505036611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2016.2592921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2016.2592921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019058937","display_name":"Sudeep Bhattarai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-3932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudeep Bhattarai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-3932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090830151","display_name":"Jung\u2010Min Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-8467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Min Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101635894","display_name":"Bo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-2970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064314482","display_name":"Kaigui Bian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaigui Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Network Computing and Information Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Network Computing and Information Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034700261","display_name":"William Lehr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2902-3874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Lehr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.348,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":275,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99693391,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"110","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paradigm-shift","display_name":"Paradigm shift","score":0.8841800093650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7192062735557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6302233934402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6302207708358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.627959668636322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.5035774111747742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.45157307386398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.4266640543937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43540301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689971","display_name":"Paradigm shift","level":2,"score":0.8841800093650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7192062735557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6302233934402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6302207708358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.627959668636322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.5035774111747742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.45157307386398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.4266640543937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tccn.2016.2592921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2016.2592921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484188435","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2332-7731","issn":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1780153499","display_name":"I/UCRC FRP:  Collaborative Research: Coexistence of Heterogeneous Secondary Networks for Shared Spectrum Access","funder_award_id":"1431244","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3980249608","display_name":"I/UCRC:  Collaborative Research:  Broadband Wireless Access & Applications Center (BWAC)","funder_award_id":"1265886","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7163042074","display_name":"TWC SBE: Medium: Collaborative: Dollars for Hertz:  Making Trustworthy Spectrum Sharing Technically and Economically Viable","funder_award_id":"1314598","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8169242032","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Dynamic Exclusion Zones: Balancing Incumbent Protection and Spectrum Utilization Efficiency","funder_award_id":"1547241","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44965206","https://openalex.org/W1542929356","https://openalex.org/W1590821262","https://openalex.org/W1603309962","https://openalex.org/W1684874013","https://openalex.org/W1890412134","https://openalex.org/W1894635569","https://openalex.org/W1909632051","https://openalex.org/W1944349838","https://openalex.org/W1965364415","https://openalex.org/W1968107879","https://openalex.org/W1971066773","https://openalex.org/W1971614180","https://openalex.org/W1973344211","https://openalex.org/W1977685117","https://openalex.org/W1981557991","https://openalex.org/W1984114931","https://openalex.org/W1985485037","https://openalex.org/W1985874675","https://openalex.org/W1986952076","https://openalex.org/W1994427482","https://openalex.org/W1994952354","https://openalex.org/W2000053617","https://openalex.org/W2002937495","https://openalex.org/W2009244389","https://openalex.org/W2011705431","https://openalex.org/W2012166391","https://openalex.org/W2019375861","https://openalex.org/W2020751107","https://openalex.org/W2021045223","https://openalex.org/W2029281259","https://openalex.org/W2029409284","https://openalex.org/W2031911026","https://openalex.org/W2037734761","https://openalex.org/W2039814597","https://openalex.org/W2040246974","https://openalex.org/W2056773559","https://openalex.org/W2060871119","https://openalex.org/W2063009562","https://openalex.org/W2064710714","https://openalex.org/W2068546917","https://openalex.org/W2069496312","https://openalex.org/W2073223915","https://openalex.org/W2082335067","https://openalex.org/W2082894754","https://openalex.org/W2091855787","https://openalex.org/W2093935141","https://openalex.org/W2096899416","https://openalex.org/W2100796177","https://openalex.org/W2103954203","https://openalex.org/W2111272104","https://openalex.org/W2115735006","https://openalex.org/W2117268846","https://openalex.org/W2117926030","https://openalex.org/W2119854298","https://openalex.org/W2120636900","https://openalex.org/W2129648867","https://openalex.org/W2133039196","https://openalex.org/W2134957651","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2145406327","https://openalex.org/W2149572245","https://openalex.org/W2153644609","https://openalex.org/W2154890510","https://openalex.org/W2155311115","https://openalex.org/W2155886813","https://openalex.org/W2159126760","https://openalex.org/W2159254651","https://openalex.org/W2162334358","https://openalex.org/W2163193804","https://openalex.org/W2167230435","https://openalex.org/W2167755092","https://openalex.org/W2168079492","https://openalex.org/W2171031315","https://openalex.org/W2176919951","https://openalex.org/W2188745198","https://openalex.org/W2248608259","https://openalex.org/W2504747781","https://openalex.org/W2542665211","https://openalex.org/W2911978475","https://openalex.org/W3023390280","https://openalex.org/W3098835986","https://openalex.org/W4214948297","https://openalex.org/W4233611146","https://openalex.org/W4242773426","https://openalex.org/W4250247565","https://openalex.org/W6637309820","https://openalex.org/W6644938400","https://openalex.org/W6676601196","https://openalex.org/W6683549911","https://openalex.org/W6684694145","https://openalex.org/W6758947373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2236567279","https://openalex.org/W4225341666","https://openalex.org/W2545213287","https://openalex.org/W2392764151","https://openalex.org/W2786459840","https://openalex.org/W2336181987","https://openalex.org/W2598828511","https://openalex.org/W1988869880","https://openalex.org/W1999555001","https://openalex.org/W2381640075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,143],"are":[1,121],"in":[2,10,50,63],"the":[3,22,31,76,90,123,154],"midst":[4],"of":[5,24,27,48,79,92,114,157],"a":[6,99,105,111,126],"major":[7,115],"paradigm":[8,17,128],"shift":[9,18,44,81,129],"how":[11],"we":[12],"manage":[13,137],"radio":[14,51,140],"spectrum.":[15],"This":[16,108],"is":[19,45,102],"necessitated":[20],"by":[21],"growth":[23],"wireless":[25,93],"services":[26],"all":[28,64],"types":[29],"and":[30,52,73,96,117,138,162,166],"demand":[32],"pressure":[33],"imposed":[34],"on":[35,104,145],"limited":[36],"spectrum":[37,61,141],"resources":[38],"under":[39],"legacy":[40],"management":[41],"regimes.":[42],"The":[43],"feasible":[46],"because":[47],"advances":[49],"networking":[53],"technologies":[54],"that":[55,120],"make":[56],"it":[57],"possible":[58,65],"to":[59,82,130,136,148],"share":[60,139],"dynamically":[62],"dimensions\u2014i.e.,":[66],"across":[67],"frequencies,":[68],"time,":[69],"location,":[70],"users,":[71],"uses,":[72],"networks.":[74],"Realizing":[75],"full":[77],"potential":[78],"this":[80],"<italic":[83],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[84],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Dynamic":[85],"Spectrum":[86],"Sharing</i>":[87],"will":[88],"require":[89],"co-evolution":[91],"technologies,":[94],"markets,":[95],"regulatory":[97,118],"policies;":[98],"process":[100],"which":[101],"occurring":[103],"global":[106,127],"scale.":[107],"paper":[109],"provides":[110],"current":[112,146],"overview":[113],"technological":[116],"reforms":[119],"leading":[122],"way":[124],"toward":[125],"more":[131],"flexible,":[132],"dynamic,":[133],"market-based":[134],"ways":[135],"resources.":[142],"focus":[144],"efforts":[147],"implement":[149],"database-driven":[150],"approaches":[151],"for":[152],"managing":[153],"shared":[155],"co-existence":[156],"users":[158],"with":[159],"heterogeneous":[160],"access":[161],"interference":[163],"protection":[164],"rights,":[165],"discuss":[167],"open":[168],"research":[169],"challenges.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
