{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128546923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2026.3663281","title":"Contextual Cloud Steganography(CCS): Breaking the Capacity-Security Trade-Off","display_name":"Contextual Cloud Steganography(CCS): Breaking the Capacity-Security Trade-Off","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128546923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2026.3663281"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2026.3663281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2026.3663281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109500985","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Willy Mossebo Tcheunteu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2165-7949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331070479","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9 I","ror":"https://ror.org/022zbs961","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"St\u00e9phane Willy Mossebo Tcheunteu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Universit&#x00E9; of Yaounde I, Yaound&#x00E9;, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2165-7949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Universit&#x00E9; of Yaounde I, Yaound&#x00E9;, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077378981","display_name":"Leonel Moyou Metcheka","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonel Moyou Metcheka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Software Engineering, PKFokam Institute of Excellence, Yaounde, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5749-0543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Software Engineering, PKFokam Institute of Excellence, Yaounde, Cameroon","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122897750","display_name":"Herv\u00e9 Tal\u00e9 Kalachi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331070479","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9 I","ror":"https://ror.org/022zbs961","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herv\u00e9 Tal\u00e9 Kalachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, NASEY, Universit&#x00E9; of Yaounde I, Yaound&#x00E9;, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-4159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, NASEY, Universit&#x00E9; of Yaounde I, Yaound&#x00E9;, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046237446","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Gael Raymond Ekodeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-8832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331070479","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9 I","ror":"https://ror.org/022zbs961","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"St\u00e9phane Ga\u00ebl Raymond Ekodeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Universit&#x00E9; of Yaounde I, Yaound&#x00E9;, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-8832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Universit&#x00E9; of Yaounde I, Yaound&#x00E9;, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083503226","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 Ndoundam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-762X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331070479","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9 I","ror":"https://ror.org/022zbs961","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren\u00e9 Ndoundam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Universit&#x00E9; of Yaounde I, Yaound&#x00E9;, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-762X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Universit&#x00E9; of Yaounde I, Yaound&#x00E9;, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alain Tchana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7789-8400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Institut polytechnique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Tchana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grenoble INP, CNRS, Grenoble, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7789-8400","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grenoble INP, CNRS, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I106785703"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":34.4699,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98965249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"507","last_page":"524"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.4961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.4961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.13429999351501465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.12790000438690186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.6510999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-storage","display_name":"Cloud storage","score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.4293999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.40459999442100525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.6510999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777059624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914359","display_name":"Cloud storage","level":3,"score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.4293999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13179402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7606662","display_name":"Steganography tools","level":4,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2026.3663281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2026.3663281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,121],"exponential":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,113],"cloud":[4,85,165],"storage":[5],"adoption":[6],"has":[7],"introduced":[8],"new":[9],"attack":[10],"surfaces":[11],"and":[12,20,37,55,159,180],"privacy":[13],"concerns,":[14],"necessitating":[15],"advanced":[16],"methods":[17,41],"for":[18],"secure":[19],"covert":[21,193],"communication.":[22],"Traditional":[23],"steganographic":[24,152],"techniques,":[25],"particularly":[26],"in":[27,111,182,191],"distributed":[28],"settings,":[29],"often":[30],"struggle":[31],"with":[32,76,156],"balancing":[33],"undetectability,":[34],"embedding":[35],"capacity,":[36],"security.":[38],"Recent":[39],"indirect":[40],"that":[42,71,195],"avoid":[43],"file":[44,82],"modification":[45],"have":[46],"improved":[47],"undetectability":[48],"but":[49],"remain":[50],"constrained":[51],"by":[52,101],"low":[53],"capacity":[54,112],"reliance":[56],"on":[57,80],"cryptographic":[58,93,157],"secrecy":[59],"alone.":[60],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"introduces":[63],"Contextual":[64],"Cloud":[65],"Steganography":[66],"(CCS),":[67],"a":[68,108,172,188],"novel":[69],"framework":[70,122],"replaces":[72],"traditional":[73,198],"base-based":[74],"encoding":[75],"contextual":[77,137],"protocols":[78],"based":[79],"deterministic":[81],"ordering":[83],"within":[84],"directories.":[86],"CCS":[87],"leverages":[88],"pre-established":[89],"sorting":[90],"criteria":[91],"(e.g.,":[92],"hashes,":[94],"creation":[95],"dates)":[96],"to":[97,115],"embed":[98],"secret":[99],"data":[100],"selecting":[102],"files":[103],"from":[104],"sorted":[105],"lists,":[106],"achieving":[107],"multiplicative":[109],"increase":[110],"3.2\u00d7":[114],"4.3\u00d7":[116],"over":[117,171],"state-of-the-art":[118],"base-B":[119],"methods.":[120],"simultaneously":[123],"enhances":[124],"security":[125,148],"through":[126],"protocol-dependent":[127],"protection,":[128],"making":[129],"message":[130],"extraction":[131],"computationally":[132],"infeasible":[133],"without":[134],"the":[135,141,197],"precise":[136],"protocol,":[138],"even":[139],"if":[140],"stego-folder":[142],"is":[143],"discovered.":[144],"We":[145],"provide":[146],"formal":[147],"proofs":[149],"under":[150],"established":[151],"models,":[153],"detailed":[154],"algorithms":[155],"enhancements,":[158],"extensive":[160],"experimental":[161],"evaluation":[162],"across":[163],"major":[164],"platforms":[166],"(Google":[167],"Drive,":[168],"Dropbox,":[169],"OneDrive)":[170],"30-day":[173],"period.":[174],"Results":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"CCS's":[177],"practical":[178],"efficiency":[179],"robustness":[181],"dynamic":[183],"environments,":[184],"establishing":[185],"it":[186],"as":[187],"significant":[189],"advancement":[190],"cloud-based":[192],"communication":[194],"breaks":[196],"capacity-security":[199],"trade-off.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-11T00:00:00"}
