{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416366558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2025.3634737","title":"Explainable Graph Ensemble Learning for Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection in Cloud Microservice Architectures","display_name":"Explainable Graph Ensemble Learning for Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection in Cloud Microservice Architectures","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416366558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2025.3634737"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2025.3634737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2025.3634737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2025.3634737","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kevin O\u2019Shea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8268-9800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin O\u2019Shea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland","Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8268-9800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sen Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-3962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland","School of Electronic Engineering and Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-3962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076920288","display_name":"Ming Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3703-9163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland","Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xianjuan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianjuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland","Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027997995","display_name":"Stefano Mauceri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-5310"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Mauceri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Ireland Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland","Huawei Ireland Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-5310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Ireland Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Ireland Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010565726","display_name":"Bhaskar Dhariyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0218-4825"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhaskar Dhariyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Ireland Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland","Huawei Ireland Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0218-4825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Ireland Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Ireland Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084553698","display_name":"Lei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-8873"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Ireland Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland","Huawei Ireland Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Ireland Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Ireland Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106498523","display_name":"Noel E. O\u2019Connor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-9135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noel O\u2019Connor","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland","School of Electronic Engineering and Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-9135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448079","display_name":"Mingming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-2104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland","School of Electronic Engineering and Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-2104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82094389,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"210","last_page":"223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.887499988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.887499988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.02329999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.804099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7631000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5156000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.37929999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8115000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.804099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7631000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5156000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776088427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378859","display_name":"Pattern detection","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2025.3634737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2025.3634737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2025.3634737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2025.3634737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W2138621811","https://openalex.org/W2146152876","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2324823555","https://openalex.org/W2614311976","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2743050295","https://openalex.org/W2743617586","https://openalex.org/W2756203131","https://openalex.org/W2884367066","https://openalex.org/W2903871660","https://openalex.org/W3011806746","https://openalex.org/W3015959599","https://openalex.org/W3034708216","https://openalex.org/W3037743169","https://openalex.org/W3041282074","https://openalex.org/W3092118421","https://openalex.org/W3093074257","https://openalex.org/W3100178186","https://openalex.org/W3108823960","https://openalex.org/W3116637551","https://openalex.org/W3132191748","https://openalex.org/W3171512724","https://openalex.org/W3196944946","https://openalex.org/W3207886734","https://openalex.org/W3208506679","https://openalex.org/W4200195787","https://openalex.org/W4225322449","https://openalex.org/W4226214891","https://openalex.org/W4282840064","https://openalex.org/W4282984446","https://openalex.org/W4283170759","https://openalex.org/W4285013180","https://openalex.org/W4296911935","https://openalex.org/W4307957243","https://openalex.org/W4311626519","https://openalex.org/W4312451393","https://openalex.org/W4313590336","https://openalex.org/W4323314880","https://openalex.org/W4323767268","https://openalex.org/W4382203079","https://openalex.org/W4384157889","https://openalex.org/W4384407578","https://openalex.org/W4387185768","https://openalex.org/W4387251626","https://openalex.org/W4387757628","https://openalex.org/W4388242026","https://openalex.org/W4391113910","https://openalex.org/W4391155025","https://openalex.org/W4391305513","https://openalex.org/W4392981007","https://openalex.org/W4394939074","https://openalex.org/W4396679681","https://openalex.org/W4397001512","https://openalex.org/W4399449888","https://openalex.org/W4401871988","https://openalex.org/W4402516174","https://openalex.org/W4402592952","https://openalex.org/W4402699695","https://openalex.org/W4402710947","https://openalex.org/W4404955326","https://openalex.org/W4408106464","https://openalex.org/W4409218826","https://openalex.org/W4415795940","https://openalex.org/W4415797384"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"increasing":[1],"adoption":[2],"of":[3,23,53,84,96,108],"cloud":[4,113],"microservice":[5],"architectures":[6],"demands":[7],"robust":[8],"multivariate":[9],"time":[10,74],"series":[11],"anomaly":[12],"detection":[13,92],"algorithms":[14,25],"to":[15,45,68,112],"ensure":[16],"a":[17],"reliable":[18],"computing":[19],"infrastructure.":[20],"Although":[21],"countless":[22],"these":[24],"are":[26],"readily":[27],"available":[28],"in":[29,39],"the":[30,48,54,91,97,109],"literature,":[31],"significant":[32],"concerns":[33],"remain":[34],"about":[35],"their":[36],"interpretability,":[37],"particularly":[38],"cases":[40],"where":[41],"it":[42],"is":[43],"required":[44],"consider":[46],"both":[47],"temporal":[49],"and":[50,65],"topological":[51],"aspects":[52],"explanation.":[55],"Our":[56,76],"proposed":[57],"framework":[58],"leverages":[59],"attention-based":[60],"spatial-temporal":[61,71],"graph":[62],"convolutional":[63],"networks":[64],"ensemble":[66],"learning":[67],"capture":[69],"complex":[70],"dependencies":[72],"across":[73],"series.":[75],"approach":[77],"achieves":[78],"an":[79,94],"averaged":[80],"event-wise":[81],"F1":[82],"score":[83],"0.94":[85],"on":[86],"two":[87],"proprietary":[88],"datasets.":[89],"After":[90],"phase,":[93],"analysis":[95],"network":[98],"attention":[99],"weights,":[100],"at":[101],"carefully":[102],"selected":[103],"layers,":[104],"provides":[105],"useful":[106],"explanations":[107],"anomalous":[110],"events":[111],"operators.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T06:13:28.667946","created_date":"2025-11-19T00:00:00"}