{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405179457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2024.3514297","title":"SST-LOF: Container Anomaly Detection Method Based on Singular Spectrum Transformation and Local Outlier Factor","display_name":"SST-LOF: Container Anomaly Detection Method Based on Singular Spectrum Transformation and Local Outlier Factor","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405179457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2024.3514297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2024.3514297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2024.3514297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shilei Bu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9448-2909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilei Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9448-2909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033885766","display_name":"Minpeng Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minpeng Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Computer, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0677-7650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0677-7650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054468864","display_name":"Yulai Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5757-4396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulai Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5757-4396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028645819","display_name":"Liangkang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3130-5970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangkang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3130-5970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76712215,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"130","last_page":"147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14470","display_name":"Advanced Data Processing Techniques","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14470","display_name":"Advanced Data Processing Techniques","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14280","display_name":"Big Data Technologies and Applications","score":0.8105999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":0.8034999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-outlier-factor","display_name":"Local outlier factor","score":0.8608608245849609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7944371700286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.6575435400009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.6359131336212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.6162258386611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/container","display_name":"Container (type theory)","score":0.5543389916419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5433794260025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","score":0.5282021164894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40702471137046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3426254391670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30672699213027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09749379754066467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09636348485946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06263542175292969}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387942","display_name":"Local outlier factor","level":3,"score":0.8608608245849609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7944371700286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6575435400009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.6359131336212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6162258386611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.5543389916419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5433794260025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5282021164894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40702471137046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3426254391670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30672699213027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09749379754066467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09636348485946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06263542175292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2024.3514297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2024.3514297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G294427655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G847347439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB4501300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43648929","https://openalex.org/W159679537","https://openalex.org/W2005079099","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2191950414","https://openalex.org/W2293689143","https://openalex.org/W2587771132","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2621033546","https://openalex.org/W2753365392","https://openalex.org/W2808085522","https://openalex.org/W2898680659","https://openalex.org/W2902718458","https://openalex.org/W2948517885","https://openalex.org/W2950361482","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2969944804","https://openalex.org/W2985907279","https://openalex.org/W3001226505","https://openalex.org/W3005033222","https://openalex.org/W3014899363","https://openalex.org/W3015461837","https://openalex.org/W3034173033","https://openalex.org/W3038187968","https://openalex.org/W3048804154","https://openalex.org/W3081034060","https://openalex.org/W3084301300","https://openalex.org/W3096740167","https://openalex.org/W3136173905","https://openalex.org/W3138970751","https://openalex.org/W3165209035","https://openalex.org/W4211223735","https://openalex.org/W4254182148","https://openalex.org/W4283398971","https://openalex.org/W4320036691","https://openalex.org/W4361025967","https://openalex.org/W4376606835","https://openalex.org/W4388676625","https://openalex.org/W4388841071","https://openalex.org/W4395053762","https://openalex.org/W4395680495","https://openalex.org/W6759220098","https://openalex.org/W6775788394","https://openalex.org/W6802061597","https://openalex.org/W6858596000","https://openalex.org/W6866691156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2499612753","https://openalex.org/W2770832849","https://openalex.org/W3111802945","https://openalex.org/W205872183","https://openalex.org/W114119537","https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4240627425","https://openalex.org/W2761705761","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W2946096271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,39,50,57,81,88,97,107,111,115,161],"use":[4],"of":[5,26,60,99,110,114,125,165],"container":[6,34,44,139],"cloud":[7,35,140,178],"platforms":[8],"has":[9],"experienced":[10],"rapid":[11],"growth.":[12],"However,":[13],"because":[14],"containers":[15,153,172],"are":[16],"operating-system-level":[17],"virtualization,":[18],"their":[19],"isolation":[20],"is":[21],"far":[22],"less":[23],"than":[24],"that":[25,144],"virtual":[27],"machines,":[28],"posing":[29],"considerable":[30],"challenges":[31],"for":[32],"multi-tenant":[33],"platforms.":[36],"To":[37],"address":[38],"issues":[40],"associated":[41],"with":[42,128],"current":[43],"anomaly":[45,70,112,141,150],"detection":[46,71,142,151],"algorithms,":[47],"such":[48],"as":[49],"difficulty":[51],"in":[52,168,171,173],"mining":[53],"periodic":[54],"features":[55],"and":[56,80,121,136,155,163,176],"high":[58],"rate":[59],"false":[61,123],"positives":[62,124],"due":[63],"to":[64,95],"noisy":[65,126],"data,":[66],"we":[67,133],"propose":[68],"an":[69],"method":[72,86,105,167],"named":[73],"SST-LOF,":[74],"based":[75],"on":[76,152],"singular":[77],"spectrum":[78],"transformation":[79],"local":[82],"outlier":[83],"factor.":[84],"Our":[85],"enhances":[87],"traditional":[89],"Singular":[90],"Spectrum":[91],"Transformation":[92],"(SST)":[93],"algorithm":[94,119],"meet":[96],"needs":[98],"streaming":[100,149],"unsupervised":[101],"detection.":[102],"Furthermore,":[103],"our":[104,166],"improves":[106],"calculation":[108],"mode":[109],"score":[113],"Local":[116],"Outlier":[117],"Factor":[118],"(LOF)":[120],"reduces":[122],"data":[127],"dynamic":[129],"sliding":[130],"windows.":[131],"Additionally,":[132],"have":[134],"designed":[135],"implemented":[137],"a":[138],"system":[143],"can":[145],"perform":[146],"real-time,":[147],"unsupervised,":[148],"quickly":[154],"accurately.":[156],"The":[157],"experimental":[158],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"effectiveness":[162],"efficiency":[164],"detecting":[169],"anomalies":[170],"both":[174],"simulated":[175],"real":[177],"environments.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}