{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392902522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2024.3376394","title":"Game-Based Low Complexity and Near Optimal Task Offloading for Mobile Blockchain Systems","display_name":"Game-Based Low Complexity and Near Optimal Task Offloading for Mobile Blockchain Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392902522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2024.3376394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2024.3376394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2024.3376394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070687166","display_name":"Junfei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9505-8771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junfei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9505-8771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336857","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-9573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-9573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086818582","display_name":"Zhen Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-1418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-1418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007510770","display_name":"Chao Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-2292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-2292","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363470","display_name":"Xiaofei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-1030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-1030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9884,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93996765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"539","last_page":"549"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8193060159683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.8045551776885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.7775290608406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6762078404426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6440672874450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5681565403938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.560556173324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4825839102268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.46706539392471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.4498915374279022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4415281414985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4262502193450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.418138325214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2307802438735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09317132830619812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8193060159683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.8045551776885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.7775290608406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6762078404426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6440672874450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5681565403938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.560556173324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4825839102268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46706539392471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.4498915374279022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4415281414985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4262502193450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.418138325214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2307802438735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09317132830619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2024.3376394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2024.3376394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4450569846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581121707","https://openalex.org/W1972012147","https://openalex.org/W2115728676","https://openalex.org/W2134660637","https://openalex.org/W2138788982","https://openalex.org/W2527494728","https://openalex.org/W2536325433","https://openalex.org/W2773433286","https://openalex.org/W2790452817","https://openalex.org/W2791480559","https://openalex.org/W2791851645","https://openalex.org/W2797816609","https://openalex.org/W2802595550","https://openalex.org/W2809191403","https://openalex.org/W2888442703","https://openalex.org/W2888904085","https://openalex.org/W2891855426","https://openalex.org/W2892932356","https://openalex.org/W2898415681","https://openalex.org/W2924387646","https://openalex.org/W2943836230","https://openalex.org/W2947690458","https://openalex.org/W2947825277","https://openalex.org/W2962966569","https://openalex.org/W2963929166","https://openalex.org/W2964247343","https://openalex.org/W3011808952","https://openalex.org/W3016207298","https://openalex.org/W3101098008","https://openalex.org/W3123528008","https://openalex.org/W3200600175","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4285117925","https://openalex.org/W4310055702","https://openalex.org/W4322627157","https://openalex.org/W4361801761","https://openalex.org/W6634793266","https://openalex.org/W6693277972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W4225987626","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2917127270","https://openalex.org/W4406207611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,27],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,29,53,110],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"finds":[5],"applications":[6],"across":[7],"diverse":[8],"fields":[9],"but":[10],"grapples":[11],"with":[12,98,170],"privacy":[13],"and":[14,46,58,114,124,130,144,198],"security":[15],"concerns.":[16],"Blockchain":[17],"offers":[18],"a":[19,107,159,167,183,201],"remedy":[20],"by":[21],"instilling":[22],"trust":[23],"among":[24],"IoT":[25,32,60,91,128],"devices.":[26],"development":[28],"blockchain":[30,54,67],"in":[31,42,55,66],"encounters":[33],"hurdles":[34],"due":[35],"to":[36,64,69,75,96,100,120,139,151,165,189],"its":[37],"resource-intensive":[38],"computation":[39,72,203],"processing,":[40],"notably":[41],"PoW-based":[43],"systems.":[44],"Cloud":[45,77],"edge":[47],"computing":[48],"can":[49,93,181],"facilitate":[50],"the":[51,59,71,76,84,111,122,134,141,145,153,190],"application":[52],"this":[56,88,105],"environment,":[57],"users":[61],"who":[62],"want":[63],"mine":[65],"need":[68],"pay":[70],"resource":[73],"rent":[74],"Computing":[78],"Service":[79],"Provider":[80],"(CCSP)":[81],"for":[82],"offloading":[83],"mining":[85],"workload.":[86],"In":[87,104,132],"scenario,":[89],"these":[90],"miners":[92,129],"form":[94],"groups":[95],"trade":[97],"CCSP":[99],"maximize":[101],"their":[102],"utility.":[103],"paper,":[106],"mixed":[108],"model":[109],"Stackelberg":[112,135],"game":[113,117,136,148],"coalition":[115,146,160],"formation":[116,147,161],"is":[118,137,149,163,186],"embraced":[119],"address":[121],"grouping":[123],"pricing":[125,142],"issues":[126],"between":[127],"CCSP.":[131],"particular,":[133],"utilized":[138],"handle":[140],"problem,":[143],"employed":[150],"tackle":[152],"best":[154],"group":[155],"partition":[156],"problem.":[157],"Moreover,":[158],"algorithm":[162,180],"proposed":[164,179],"obtain":[166,182],"nearoptimal":[168],"solution":[169],"very":[171,187],"low":[172],"complexity.":[173],"Simulation":[174],"results":[175],"show":[176],"that":[177,185],"our":[178],"performance":[184],"near":[188],"exhaustive":[191],"search":[192],"method,":[193],"outperforms":[194],"other":[195],"existing":[196],"schemes,":[197],"requires":[199],"only":[200],"small":[202],"overhead.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}