{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220873097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2022.3161297","title":"Cost-Effective Strong Consistency on Scalable Geo-Diverse Data Replicas","display_name":"Cost-Effective Strong Consistency on Scalable Geo-Diverse Data Replicas","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220873097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2022.3161297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2022.3161297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2022.3161297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018363529","display_name":"Yunxiao Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunxiao Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanchang University/Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanchang University/Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041407793","display_name":"Zichen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9293-8028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zichen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034666684","display_name":"Kanqi Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103209298","display_name":"Jie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1779-0243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010966641","display_name":"Christopher Stewart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2860-7889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101427545","display_name":"Jiacheng Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018363529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1392,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94446532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"1764","last_page":"1776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raft","display_name":"Raft","score":0.8092027902603149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7402680516242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6985816955566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5402690172195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.48062843084335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.41623345017433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.19192451238632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14604106545448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10537633299827576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9132879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17100313","display_name":"Raft","level":4,"score":0.8092027902603149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7402680516242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6985816955566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5402690172195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.48062843084335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.41623345017433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.19192451238632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14604106545448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10537633299827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2022.3161297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2022.3161297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1438336764","https://openalex.org/W1490486172","https://openalex.org/W1566657756","https://openalex.org/W1965253814","https://openalex.org/W1985229168","https://openalex.org/W1989098268","https://openalex.org/W2061418963","https://openalex.org/W2069323839","https://openalex.org/W2099393515","https://openalex.org/W2113139643","https://openalex.org/W2118022839","https://openalex.org/W2135934107","https://openalex.org/W2143339985","https://openalex.org/W2156580773","https://openalex.org/W2244047303","https://openalex.org/W2295470834","https://openalex.org/W2296772897","https://openalex.org/W2344343173","https://openalex.org/W2492448646","https://openalex.org/W2514145472","https://openalex.org/W2560746131","https://openalex.org/W2761605935","https://openalex.org/W2767543149","https://openalex.org/W2769557912","https://openalex.org/W2798933012","https://openalex.org/W2803437730","https://openalex.org/W2887862501","https://openalex.org/W2953236090","https://openalex.org/W3005614730","https://openalex.org/W3130545228","https://openalex.org/W3132577887","https://openalex.org/W6628439859","https://openalex.org/W6665818925","https://openalex.org/W6677738694","https://openalex.org/W6682904396","https://openalex.org/W6686169942","https://openalex.org/W6697279493","https://openalex.org/W6754281249","https://openalex.org/W6773286839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044403649","https://openalex.org/W2144839145","https://openalex.org/W1982914007","https://openalex.org/W2159583675","https://openalex.org/W1852113167","https://openalex.org/W1493858311","https://openalex.org/W1824242903","https://openalex.org/W2155470929","https://openalex.org/W2394465510","https://openalex.org/W2111125783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Raft":[1,30,43,80,148],"algorithm":[2,12],"maintains":[3],"strong":[4,144,233],"consistency":[5,145],"across":[6],"data":[7,119],"replicas":[8],"in":[9,42,59,72],"Cloud.":[10,179],"This":[11],"places":[13],"nodes,":[14,154],"i.e.,":[15],"leader":[16],"and":[17,168,177],"follower,":[18],"to":[19,156,207],"serve":[20],"read/write":[21],"requests":[22],"spanning":[23],"geo-diverse":[24],"sites.":[25],"As":[26],"the":[27,78,82,98,101,143,157,163,185,210,218],"workload":[28],"increases,":[29],"shall":[31],"provide":[32,57],"proportional":[33],"scale-out":[34,38,128],"performance.":[35],"However,":[36],"traditional":[37],"techniques":[39],"are":[40,124],"bottlenecked":[41],"with":[44,81,171,232],"an":[45,225],"exponentially":[46],"increased":[47],"performance":[48,102],"penalty":[49],"when":[50],"provisioned":[51],"sites":[52],"exhaust":[53],"local":[54],"resources.":[55],"To":[56],"scalability":[58],"Raft,":[60,73],"this":[61],"paper":[62],"presents":[63],"a":[64],"cost-effective":[65],"mechanism":[66],"that":[67,90,111,139,183],"enables":[68],"elastic":[69,127],"auto":[70],"scaling":[71,230],"called":[74],"BW-Raft.":[75],"BW-Raft":[76,140,164,188,200,214],"extends":[77],"original":[79,158],"following":[83],"abstractions:":[84],"(1)":[85],"<italic":[86,107],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[87,108],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">secretary</i>":[88],"nodes":[89,110],"take":[91],"over":[92],"expensive":[93],"log":[94],"synchronization":[95],"operations":[96],"from":[97,147],"leader,":[99],"relaxing":[100],"constraint":[103],"on":[104,129,165,174],"locks.":[105],"(2)":[106],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">observer</i>":[109],"handle":[112],"reads":[113],"only,":[114],"improving":[115],"throughput":[116],"for":[117,227],"typical":[118],"intensive":[120],"services.":[121],"These":[122],"abstractions":[123],"stateless,":[125],"allowing":[126],"unreliable":[130],"yet":[131],"cheap":[132],"spot":[133,198],"instances.":[134],"In":[135,209],"theory,":[136],"we":[137],"prove":[138],"can":[141,201],"preserve":[142],"guarantee":[146],"at":[149],"scale-out,":[150],"handling":[151],"50X":[152],"more":[153],"compared":[155,206],"Raft.":[159],"We":[160],"have":[161],"prototyped":[162],"key-value":[166],"services":[167],"evaluated":[169],"it":[170],"many":[172],"state-of-the-arts":[173],"Amazon":[175],"EC2":[176],"Alibaba":[178],"Our":[180],"results":[181],"show":[182],"within":[184],"same":[186],"budget,":[187],"incurs":[189],"5-7X":[190],"less":[191],"resource":[192],"footprint":[193],"increment":[194],"than":[195],"Multi-Raft.":[196,208],"Using":[197],"instances,":[199],"reduces":[202],"costs":[203],"by":[204,221],"84.5%,":[205],"real":[211],"world":[212],"experiments,":[213],"improves":[215],"goodput":[216],"of":[217],"95th-percentile":[219],"SLO":[220],"9X,":[222],"thus,":[223],"serves":[224],"alternative":[226],"distributed":[228],"service":[229],"out":[231],"consistency.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-08T08:50:53.379069","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}