{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183182060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2021.3099720","title":"Privacy-Preserving and Secure Cloud Computing: A Case of Large-Scale Nonlinear Programming","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving and Secure Cloud Computing: A Case of Large-Scale Nonlinear Programming","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183182060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2021.3099720","mag":"3183182060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2021.3099720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2021.3099720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101585728","display_name":"Wei Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4840-0439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413615","display_name":"Ang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-1729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-1729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100670298","display_name":"Qinghua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-1445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693197","display_name":"Pan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-4622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-4622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.273,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62001413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"484","last_page":"498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8264752626419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8138611912727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.6472675204277039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5212348699569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.49768951535224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.45753908157348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4519663453102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4508322775363922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.41697075963020325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4163305461406708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4105176329612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.20238220691680908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8264752626419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8138611912727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.6472675204277039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5212348699569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.49768951535224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.45753908157348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4519663453102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4508322775363922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.41697075963020325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4163305461406708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4105176329612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.20238220691680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2021.3099720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2021.3099720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35636098","https://openalex.org/W110839122","https://openalex.org/W562668130","https://openalex.org/W1596717185","https://openalex.org/W1630587103","https://openalex.org/W1981577150","https://openalex.org/W1988007981","https://openalex.org/W1998033565","https://openalex.org/W2000432868","https://openalex.org/W2007447217","https://openalex.org/W2011596851","https://openalex.org/W2014143000","https://openalex.org/W2019611862","https://openalex.org/W2023675273","https://openalex.org/W2076478806","https://openalex.org/W2086058123","https://openalex.org/W2088535455","https://openalex.org/W2116653107","https://openalex.org/W2118875948","https://openalex.org/W2125800352","https://openalex.org/W2137351756","https://openalex.org/W2145166073","https://openalex.org/W2147667726","https://openalex.org/W2165262114","https://openalex.org/W2206526282","https://openalex.org/W2209768828","https://openalex.org/W2308297356","https://openalex.org/W2342723683","https://openalex.org/W2486766132","https://openalex.org/W2519072263","https://openalex.org/W2559265044","https://openalex.org/W2599283180","https://openalex.org/W2780913176","https://openalex.org/W2807420052","https://openalex.org/W2887363919","https://openalex.org/W2895152302","https://openalex.org/W2898794187","https://openalex.org/W2907804467","https://openalex.org/W2963583670","https://openalex.org/W2999424232","https://openalex.org/W3003414371","https://openalex.org/W3091929063","https://openalex.org/W3111925745"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358200898","https://openalex.org/W4231184955","https://openalex.org/W2325765407","https://openalex.org/W2788012436","https://openalex.org/W618293728","https://openalex.org/W2291845669","https://openalex.org/W200604156","https://openalex.org/W2374784346","https://openalex.org/W4286615217","https://openalex.org/W3125032676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,194],"volume":[1],"of":[2,39,85,108,120,145,181,192],"data":[3,28,55,109],"is":[4,29],"increasing":[5],"rapidly,":[6],"which":[7,66],"poses":[8],"a":[9,130,190,214],"great":[10,215],"challenge":[11],"for":[12,22,210,217],"resource-constrained":[13],"users":[14],"to":[15,30,33,36,57,92,140,164],"process":[16],"and":[17,50,63,77,82,96,132,156,173,185,206],"analyze.":[18],"A":[19],"promising":[20],"approach":[21],"solving":[23],"computation-intensive":[24],"tasks":[25],"over":[26],"big":[27],"outsource":[31],"them":[32],"the":[34,40,54,58,80,106,118,137,142,146,152,161,166,182,211],"cloud":[35,59,121],"take":[37],"advantage":[38],"cloud\u2019s":[41],"powerful":[42],"computing":[43],"capability.":[44],"However,":[45],"it":[46],"also":[47],"brings":[48],"privacy":[49],"security":[51,179],"issues":[52],"since":[53],"uploaded":[56],"may":[60],"contain":[61],"sensitive":[62],"private":[64,143],"information":[65,144],"should":[67],"be":[68],"protected.":[69],"In":[70,123],"this":[71,75],"article,":[72],"we":[73,127,150],"address":[74],"problem":[76],"focus":[78],"on":[79],"privacy-preserving":[81],"secure":[83,131],"outsourcing":[84,125],"large-scale":[86,168,204],"nonlinear":[87,97,174],"programming":[88],"problems":[89],"(NLPs)":[90],"subject":[91],"both":[93],"linear":[94,171],"constraints":[95,172],"constraints.":[98],"Large-scale":[99],"NLPs":[100,169,205],"play":[101],"an":[102],"important":[103],"role":[104],"in":[105,117],"field":[107],"analytics":[110],"but":[111],"have":[112],"not":[113],"received":[114],"enough":[115],"attention":[116],"context":[119],"computing.":[122],"our":[124,199],"protocol,":[126,184],"first":[128],"apply":[129],"efficient":[133],"transformation":[134],"scheme":[135],"at":[136,160],"client":[138],"side":[139,163],"encrypt":[141],"considered":[147],"NLP.":[148],"Then,":[149],"use":[151],"reduced":[153],"gradient":[154,158],"method":[155,159],"generalized":[157],"server":[162],"solve":[165,203],"transformed":[167],"under":[170],"constraints,":[175],"respectively.":[176],"We":[177],"provide":[178],"analysis":[180],"proposed":[183],"evaluate":[186],"its":[187],"performance":[188],"via":[189],"series":[191],"experiments.":[193],"experimental":[195],"results":[196],"show":[197],"that":[198],"protocol":[200],"can":[201],"efficiently":[202],"save":[207],"much":[208],"time":[209],"client,":[212],"providing":[213],"potential":[216],"real":[218],"applications.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
