{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094104136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2020.3032386","title":"An Automated Task Scheduling Model Using Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II for Fog-Cloud Systems","display_name":"An Automated Task Scheduling Model Using Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II for Fog-Cloud Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094104136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2020.3032386","mag":"3094104136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2020.3032386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2020.3032386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091228487","display_name":"Ismail Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-1988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40053085","display_name":"Australian Defence Force Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02j5s7g39","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I40053085","https://openalex.org/I4394709116"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ismail M. Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales at ADFA, Campbell, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-1988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales at ADFA, Campbell, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40053085","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Karam M. Sallam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-1897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karam M. Sallam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-1897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089327837","display_name":"Nour Moustafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-9349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40053085","display_name":"Australian Defence Force Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02j5s7g39","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I40053085","https://openalex.org/I4394709116"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nour Moustafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales at ADFA, Campbell, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-9349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales at ADFA, Campbell, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40053085","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109530962","display_name":"Ripon Chakraborty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40053085","display_name":"Australian Defence Force Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02j5s7g39","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I40053085","https://openalex.org/I4394709116"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ripon Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales at ADFA, Campbell, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-0149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales at ADFA, Campbell, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40053085","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059760181","display_name":"Michael J. Ryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-3773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40053085","display_name":"Australian Defence Force Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02j5s7g39","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I40053085","https://openalex.org/I4394709116"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales at ADFA, Campbell, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-3773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales at ADFA, Campbell, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40053085","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001746807","display_name":"Kim\u2010Kwang Raymond Choo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-5336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-5336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091228487"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I40053085"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9312,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":121,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97671522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"2294","last_page":"2308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8634233474731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8296808004379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.7349423766136169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6526846885681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.6007557511329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.5582249164581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.5289105176925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4271789789199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.23621603846549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10089573264122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08829259872436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.08702188730239868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8634233474731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8296808004379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.7349423766136169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6526846885681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.6007557511329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.5582249164581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.5289105176925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4271789789199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.23621603846549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10089573264122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08829259872436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.08702188730239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2020.3032386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2020.3032386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5354816366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HRD-1736209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9937724","https://openalex.org/W122837840","https://openalex.org/W157468466","https://openalex.org/W225560312","https://openalex.org/W1515360232","https://openalex.org/W1554486237","https://openalex.org/W1585939719","https://openalex.org/W1607098015","https://openalex.org/W1947097685","https://openalex.org/W1993530334","https://openalex.org/W2008002935","https://openalex.org/W2061344791","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2143381319","https://openalex.org/W2149454052","https://openalex.org/W2188654819","https://openalex.org/W2319396036","https://openalex.org/W2341323008","https://openalex.org/W2553790935","https://openalex.org/W2606939427","https://openalex.org/W2770765408","https://openalex.org/W2790897852","https://openalex.org/W2810048489","https://openalex.org/W2887317025","https://openalex.org/W2895733006","https://openalex.org/W2925813162","https://openalex.org/W2934658301","https://openalex.org/W2937833730","https://openalex.org/W2937914813","https://openalex.org/W2940867210","https://openalex.org/W2968582869","https://openalex.org/W2969892921","https://openalex.org/W4250371870","https://openalex.org/W4312782672","https://openalex.org/W6600417112","https://openalex.org/W6606439196","https://openalex.org/W6608886761","https://openalex.org/W6635097213","https://openalex.org/W6640473722","https://openalex.org/W6704204672","https://openalex.org/W6729943144"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2623647423","https://openalex.org/W4297686762","https://openalex.org/W4312680855","https://openalex.org/W2548431613","https://openalex.org/W3010663160","https://openalex.org/W3158612028","https://openalex.org/W2621988013","https://openalex.org/W2024117737","https://openalex.org/W4381805305","https://openalex.org/W2576563092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Processing":[0],"data":[1],"from":[2],"Internet":[3],"of":[4,153,178,195,218],"Things":[5],"(IoT)":[6],"applications":[7],"at":[8,184],"the":[9,54,82,135,138,151,167,176,185,193,196,214,225],"cloud":[10,38,100,141,170],"centers":[11],"has":[12],"known":[13],"limitations":[14],"relating":[15],"to":[16,37,79,88,107,127,149,191],"latency,":[17],"task":[18,221],"scheduling,":[19],"and":[20,56,87,110,124,140,206,231],"load":[21],"balancing.":[22],"Hence,":[23],"there":[24],"have":[25],"been":[26],"a":[27,34,46,60,71,146,201],"shift":[28],"towards":[29],"adopting":[30],"fog":[31,98,139,168],"computing":[32,130,159,182],"as":[33,145],"complementary":[35],"paradigm":[36],"systems.":[39],"In":[40,132],"this":[41],"article,":[42],"we":[43,64],"first":[44],"propose":[45],"multi-objective":[47,84,147],"task-scheduling":[48,85],"optimization":[49,67],"problem":[50,86],"that":[51,92,119,161,213],"minimizes":[52],"both":[53],"makespans":[55],"total":[57,226],"costs":[58,232],"in":[59,233],"fog-cloud":[61,234],"environment.":[62],"Then,":[63],"suggest":[65],"an":[66],"model":[68,157,198,215],"based":[69],"on":[70,97,165],"Discrete":[72],"Non-dominated":[73],"Sorting":[74],"Genetic":[75],"Algorithm":[76],"II":[77],"(DNSGA-II)":[78],"deal":[80],"with":[81,200,223],"discrete":[83],"automatically":[89],"allocate":[90,128],"tasks":[91],"should":[93],"be":[94],"executed":[95],"either":[96,166],"or":[99,169],"nodes.":[101,131,171],"The":[102,155,210],"NSGA-II":[103,203],"algorithm":[104,205],"is":[105,216],"adapted":[106],"discretize":[108],"crossover":[109],"mutation":[111],"evolutionary":[112],"operators,":[113],"rather":[114],"than":[115],"using":[116],"continuous":[117,202],"operators":[118],"require":[120],"high":[121],"computational":[122],"resources":[123,160,183],"not":[125],"able":[126],"proper":[129],"our":[133],"model,":[134],"communications":[136],"between":[137],"tiers":[142],"are":[143,189],"formulated":[144],"function":[148],"optimize":[150],"execution":[152,227],"tasks.":[154],"proposed":[156,197],"allocates":[158],"would":[162],"effectively":[163],"run":[164],"Moreover,":[172],"it":[173],"efficiently":[174],"organizes":[175],"distribution":[177],"workloads":[179],"through":[180],"various":[181],"fog.":[186],"Several":[187],"experiments":[188],"conducted":[190],"determine":[192],"performance":[194],"compared":[199],"(CNSGA-II)":[204],"four":[207],"peer":[208],"mechanisms.":[209],"outcomes":[211],"demonstrate":[212],"capable":[217],"achieving":[219],"dynamic":[220],"scheduling":[222],"minimizing":[224],"times":[228],"(i.e.,":[229],"makespans)":[230],"environments.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
