{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2525658600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2015.2469657","title":"Secure Outsourcing of Virtual Appliance","display_name":"Secure Outsourcing of Virtual Appliance","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2525658600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2015.2469657","mag":"2525658600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2015.2469657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2015.2469657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026023746","display_name":"Yubin Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6558-5298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yubin Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422851","display_name":"Yutao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8562-4026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049487451","display_name":"Haibing Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-7400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibing Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036492388","display_name":"Yunji Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-5185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunji Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109886311","display_name":"Tianshi Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianshi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031955160","display_name":"Binyu Zang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-7645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binyu Zang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406215","display_name":"Haibo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9720-0361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.022,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91166188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"390","last_page":"404"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.8891408443450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8139528632164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.7408829927444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6754350066184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.6066875457763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.51337730884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4737975001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40256136655807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.35780394077301025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.8891408443450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8139528632164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.7408829927444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6754350066184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.6066875457763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.51337730884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4737975001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40256136655807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.35780394077301025}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcc.2015.2469657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2015.2469657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492498579","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","issn_l":"2168-7161","issn":["2168-7161","2372-0018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2285192397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TS0220103006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321769","funder_display_name":"Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2774869227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61303011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8901771115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZXZY037003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321769","display_name":"Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of the People's Republic of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11812818","https://openalex.org/W70096886","https://openalex.org/W104209573","https://openalex.org/W1506068270","https://openalex.org/W1571821840","https://openalex.org/W1682131187","https://openalex.org/W1978703818","https://openalex.org/W2000375627","https://openalex.org/W2005991258","https://openalex.org/W2027135600","https://openalex.org/W2031806437","https://openalex.org/W2034219630","https://openalex.org/W2036601091","https://openalex.org/W2043501224","https://openalex.org/W2074419584","https://openalex.org/W2079493184","https://openalex.org/W2096828726","https://openalex.org/W2102881299","https://openalex.org/W2106459643","https://openalex.org/W2107776555","https://openalex.org/W2108255910","https://openalex.org/W2112092704","https://openalex.org/W2112735498","https://openalex.org/W2118422164","https://openalex.org/W2119028650","https://openalex.org/W2122249806","https://openalex.org/W2123144030","https://openalex.org/W2125981962","https://openalex.org/W2131284883","https://openalex.org/W2149324048","https://openalex.org/W2150615820","https://openalex.org/W2150709728","https://openalex.org/W2151396176","https://openalex.org/W2153553074","https://openalex.org/W2162055502","https://openalex.org/W2165464232","https://openalex.org/W2165961102","https://openalex.org/W2171863291","https://openalex.org/W2175377689","https://openalex.org/W2407063206","https://openalex.org/W2545348996","https://openalex.org/W3140837477","https://openalex.org/W3148657381","https://openalex.org/W4230464498","https://openalex.org/W4244889001","https://openalex.org/W4255163382","https://openalex.org/W4256367411","https://openalex.org/W6600482216","https://openalex.org/W6602830368","https://openalex.org/W6630045404","https://openalex.org/W6637366957","https://openalex.org/W6657257018","https://openalex.org/W6658514009","https://openalex.org/W6669313848","https://openalex.org/W6675339306","https://openalex.org/W6675874582","https://openalex.org/W6713676828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973516247","https://openalex.org/W1991063492","https://openalex.org/W2743348030","https://openalex.org/W2622620488","https://openalex.org/W2075174112","https://openalex.org/W2145292010","https://openalex.org/W2976854232","https://openalex.org/W2102844359","https://openalex.org/W2747005099","https://openalex.org/W2943837643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computation":[0],"outsourcing":[1],"using":[2],"virtual":[3,56],"appliance":[4],"is":[5,28,64],"getting":[6],"prevalent":[7],"in":[8,59,108,160],"cloud":[9,25],"computing.":[10],"However,":[11],"with":[12,89],"both":[13],"hardware":[14],"and":[15,71,92,112,127,140,165,187],"software":[16,167],"being":[17],"controlled":[18],"by":[19,100,121],"potentially":[20],"curious":[21],"or":[22,41,80,149],"even":[23],"malicious":[24],"operators,":[26],"it":[27],"no":[29,73],"surprise":[30],"to":[31,96,124,142],"see":[32],"frequent":[33],"reports":[34],"of":[35,54,136,156,178],"security":[36,53,74],"accidents,":[37],"like":[38],"data":[39],"leakages":[40],"abuses.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"proposes":[45],"Kite,":[46],"a":[47,154,161],"hardware-software":[48],"framework":[49],"that":[50,174],"guards":[51],"the":[52,61,69,97,113,122,125,133,175],"tenant's":[55],"machine":[57],"(VM),":[58],"which":[60,115],"outsourced":[62],"computation":[63],"encapsulated.":[65],"Kite":[66,86,130,179],"only":[67,116],"trusts":[68],"processor":[70,159],"makes":[72],"assumption":[75],"on":[76,169,184,190],"external":[77,128],"memory,":[78],"devices,":[79],"hypervisor.":[81],"Unlike":[82],"prior":[83],"hardware-based":[84],"approaches,":[85],"retains":[87],"transparency":[88],"existing":[90],"VM":[91,111,123,139],"requires":[93],"few":[94],"changes":[95],"(untrusted)":[98],"hypervisor":[99,126,141],"introducing":[101],"VM-Shim":[102,105],"mechanism.":[103],"Each":[104],"instance":[106],"runs":[107],"between":[109,138],"its":[110,166],"hypervisor,":[114],"transfers":[117],"necessary":[118],"information":[119],"designated":[120],"environments.":[129],"also":[131],"considers":[132],"high-level":[134],"semantic":[135],"interaction":[137],"defend":[143],"against":[144],"attacks":[145],"through":[146],"legitimate":[147],"operations":[148],"interfaces.":[150],"We":[151],"have":[152],"implemented":[153],"prototype":[155],"Kite's":[157],"secure":[158],"QEMU-based":[162],"full-system":[163],"emulator":[164],"components":[168],"real":[170,191],"machine.":[171],"Evaluation":[172],"shows":[173],"performance":[176],"overhead":[177],"ranges":[180],"from":[181],"0.5-14.0":[182],"percent":[183,189],"simulated":[185],"platform":[186],"0.4-7.3":[188],"hardware.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
