{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124424339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbbio.2026.3654071","title":"A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Models for Identification of Antiviral Peptides Using Various Encoded Features","display_name":"A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Models for Identification of Antiviral Peptides Using Various Encoded Features","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124424339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbbio.2026.3654071","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41538353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbbio.2026.3654071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbbio.2026.3654071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043","2998-4165"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100637205","display_name":"Md. Zahid Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-1717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Zahid Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Informatics Research Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-1717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Informatics Research Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062018176","display_name":"Shahriar Shakil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8483-2204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Shahriar Shakil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Informatics Research Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8483-2204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Informatics Research Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102951611","display_name":"Tasmin Karim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2042-2610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tasmin Karim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Informatics Research Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2042-2610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Informatics Research Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093214705","display_name":"Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2491-1622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Informatics Research Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2491-1622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Informatics Research Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101456135","display_name":"Md. Fahim Sultan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2550-257X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Fahim Sultan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Informatics Research Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2550-257X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Informatics Research Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006008060","display_name":"Fatema Hashem Rupa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093324","display_name":"Mudanjiang Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mc5wj35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093324"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatema Hashem Rupa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Mugda Medical College, Mugda, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4482-8132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Mugda Medical College, Mugda, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123202374","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Mushait, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9004-1006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Mushait, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123247176","display_name":"Md. Tanvir Rahman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Tanvir Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6173-0483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041468687","display_name":"Risala Tasin Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-5959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46080048","display_name":"Jahangirnagar University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywb0864","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Risala Tasin Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Technology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-5959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M. Shamim Kaiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4604-5461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46080048","display_name":"Jahangirnagar University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywb0864","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Shamim Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Technology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4604-5461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034828056","display_name":"Mohammad Ali Moni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0756-1006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240666556","display_name":"Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxjyb39","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Ali Moni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Sciences Research Center (HSRC), Deanship of Scientific Research, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0756-1006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Sciences Research Center (HSRC), Deanship of Scientific Research, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04788652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"996","last_page":"1008"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.8445000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.8445000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":0.08940000087022781,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11103","display_name":"Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities","score":0.01360000018030405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5214999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-papillomavirus","display_name":"Human papillomavirus","score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-therapy","display_name":"Antiviral therapy","score":0.2888999879360199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7746999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7713000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5745000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5214999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994532551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184627","display_name":"Human papillomavirus","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993512173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846227","display_name":"Antiviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846227","display_name":"Antiviral drug","level":3,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020225094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80091","display_name":"Area under curve","level":3,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019819676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43987","display_name":"Highly pathogenic","level":4,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098404","descriptor_name":"Boosting Machine Learning Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098404","descriptor_name":"Boosting Machine Learning Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098412","descriptor_name":"Predictive Learning Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098412","descriptor_name":"Predictive Learning Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098429","descriptor_name":"Classification Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098429","descriptor_name":"Classification Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098437","descriptor_name":"Prediction Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098437","descriptor_name":"Prediction Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbbio.2026.3654071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbbio.2026.3654071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043","2998-4165"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41538353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41538353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7045672535896301,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W964460774","https://openalex.org/W1600672688","https://openalex.org/W1983990793","https://openalex.org/W1993711987","https://openalex.org/W2007178835","https://openalex.org/W2015358999","https://openalex.org/W2039516884","https://openalex.org/W2049235942","https://openalex.org/W2054068479","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2088252378","https://openalex.org/W2088794999","https://openalex.org/W2097834518","https://openalex.org/W2103647733","https://openalex.org/W2112862199","https://openalex.org/W2114358087","https://openalex.org/W2131275757","https://openalex.org/W2132292391","https://openalex.org/W2145957695","https://openalex.org/W2151591509","https://openalex.org/W2152380569","https://openalex.org/W2155837964","https://openalex.org/W2163316049","https://openalex.org/W2175270296","https://openalex.org/W2216946510","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2551218664","https://openalex.org/W2766585573","https://openalex.org/W2790315860","https://openalex.org/W2946321682","https://openalex.org/W2946439493","https://openalex.org/W2950958976","https://openalex.org/W2965128681","https://openalex.org/W2971270198","https://openalex.org/W2971874382","https://openalex.org/W2975757482","https://openalex.org/W2987724682","https://openalex.org/W3007215678","https://openalex.org/W3095560944","https://openalex.org/W3097405028","https://openalex.org/W3109623242","https://openalex.org/W3126308651","https://openalex.org/W3134163647","https://openalex.org/W3152566602","https://openalex.org/W3160604206","https://openalex.org/W3186424845","https://openalex.org/W3206929352","https://openalex.org/W3216633759","https://openalex.org/W4214821016","https://openalex.org/W4243150065","https://openalex.org/W4256049924","https://openalex.org/W4282976570","https://openalex.org/W4294733278","https://openalex.org/W4307565334","https://openalex.org/W4308370073","https://openalex.org/W4379930184","https://openalex.org/W4392562486","https://openalex.org/W4394564096","https://openalex.org/W4397002967","https://openalex.org/W4399356471","https://openalex.org/W4399647672","https://openalex.org/W4401837569","https://openalex.org/W4405622764","https://openalex.org/W4408203754"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Viruses":[0],"are":[1],"a":[2,96,111],"significant":[3],"threat":[4],"to":[5,38,108,166],"human":[6],"life,":[7],"as":[8,21],"demonstrated":[9],"by":[10,32],"the":[11,16,33,42,133,143,169,194],"global":[12],"COVID-19":[13],"pandemic":[14],"and":[15,27,51,95,127,160,181,191,204],"Ebola":[17],"outbreak.":[18],"Diseases":[19],"such":[20],"smallpox,":[22],"AIDS,":[23],"hepatitis,":[24],"liver":[25],"cancer,":[26],"cervical":[28],"cancer":[29],"often":[30],"caused":[31],"Human":[34],"Papillomavirus":[35],"can":[36],"lead":[37],"fatal":[39],"outcomes.":[40],"Over":[41],"years,":[43],"extensive":[44],"research":[45],"has":[46],"focused":[47],"on":[48,138],"developing":[49],"vaccines":[50],"antiviral":[52,116],"drugs,":[53],"which":[54],"have":[55,72],"successfully":[56],"contained":[57],"and,":[58],"in":[59,76],"some":[60],"cases,":[61],"eradicated":[62],"viral":[63],"infections.":[64],"Recently,":[65],"computational":[66],"techniques,":[67],"particularly":[68],"machine":[69,92,119],"learning":[70,93,120],"algorithms,":[71],"made":[73],"notable":[74],"progress":[75],"identifying":[77],"potential":[78,199],"Antiviral":[79],"Peptides":[80],"(AVPs),":[81],"thereby":[82],"accelerating":[83],"experimental":[84],"validation":[85],"for":[86,201],"therapeutic":[87],"applications.":[88],"This":[89],"study":[90],"introduces":[91],"techniques":[94],"Light":[97],"Gradient":[98],"Boosting":[99],"Machine":[100],"(LGBM)":[101],"model":[102,136,196],"combined":[103,128,139,187],"with":[104,146,186],"three":[105],"feature-encoding":[106],"methods":[107,180],"predict":[109],"whether":[110],"protein":[112],"sequence":[113],"contains":[114],"effective":[115],"peptides.":[117],"Eight":[118],"algorithms":[121],"were":[122],"evaluated":[123],"using":[124,177],"both":[125],"single-feature":[126],"feature":[129],"encodings.":[130],"Among":[131],"them,":[132],"lightweight":[134],"LGBM":[135],"trained":[137],"encoded":[140],"features":[141],"achieved":[142,172],"best":[144],"performance,":[145],"an":[147,161],"accuracy":[148,176,185],"of":[149,152,155,158,163,193],"98%,":[150,156,159],"precision":[151],"97%,":[153],"recall":[154],"F1-score":[157],"AUC":[162],"1.00.":[164],"Compared":[165],"existing":[167],"models,":[168],"proposed":[170,195],"approach":[171],"approximately":[173],"2%":[174],"higher":[175,184],"individual":[178],"encoding":[179],"about":[182],"3%":[183],"features.":[188],"The":[189],"reliability":[190],"effectiveness":[192],"highlight":[197],"its":[198],"value":[200],"pharmaceutical":[202],"development":[203],"academic":[205],"research.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-01-17T00:00:00"}
