{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414110837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbbio.2025.3608274","title":"MultiFusion2HPO: A Multimodal Deep Learning Approach for Enhancing Human Protein-Phenotype Association Prediction","display_name":"MultiFusion2HPO: A Multimodal Deep Learning Approach for Enhancing Human Protein-Phenotype Association Prediction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414110837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbbio.2025.3608274","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40928915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbbio.2025.3608274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbbio.2025.3608274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042751","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"2998-4165","issn":["2998-4165"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047930363","display_name":"Weiqi Zhai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085920","display_name":"Shanghai Institute for Science of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/004srxn73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085920"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164150","display_name":"Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0551a0y31","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiqi Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science, Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science, Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164150","https://openalex.org/I4210085920","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yongjun Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6403-5514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjun Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072380374","display_name":"Xiaodi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-1851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Mathematics, Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia","School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics, Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shaojun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-8911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085920","display_name":"Shanghai Institute for Science of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/004srxn73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085920"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164150","display_name":"Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0551a0y31","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaojun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science, Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science, Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164150","https://openalex.org/I4210085920","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045866167","display_name":"Shanfeng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6067-5312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085920","display_name":"Shanghai Institute for Science of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/004srxn73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085920"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164150","display_name":"Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0551a0y31","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanfeng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science, Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science, Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164150","https://openalex.org/I4210085920","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047930363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4210085920","https://openalex.org/I4210164150"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20952911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"2964","last_page":"2974"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.694599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.5045999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-ontology","display_name":"Gene ontology","score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-learning","display_name":"Multimodal learning","score":0.362199991941452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7003999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6973999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.694599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5651000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5045999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987395477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135085","display_name":"Gene ontology","level":4,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780660688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052564","display_name":"Multimodal learning","level":2,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983325608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084606","display_name":"Data association","level":3,"score":0.2745000123977661}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060066","descriptor_name":"Protein Interaction Maps","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060066","descriptor_name":"Protein Interaction Maps","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060066","descriptor_name":"Protein Interaction Maps","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063990","descriptor_name":"Gene Ontology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063990","descriptor_name":"Gene Ontology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063990","descriptor_name":"Gene Ontology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbbio.2025.3608274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbbio.2025.3608274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042751","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"2998-4165","issn":["2998-4165"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40928915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40928915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3075931670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24A20257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6370758788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B18015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7370466132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533942137","https://openalex.org/W1736726159","https://openalex.org/W1926568554","https://openalex.org/W1980171391","https://openalex.org/W1982088273","https://openalex.org/W2020301095","https://openalex.org/W2031966872","https://openalex.org/W2083045667","https://openalex.org/W2090146405","https://openalex.org/W2101291993","https://openalex.org/W2108984616","https://openalex.org/W2119220491","https://openalex.org/W2134711219","https://openalex.org/W2137200212","https://openalex.org/W2143017621","https://openalex.org/W2153280946","https://openalex.org/W2557496587","https://openalex.org/W2604808360","https://openalex.org/W2769591387","https://openalex.org/W2786164586","https://openalex.org/W2807567459","https://openalex.org/W2900569176","https://openalex.org/W2949676527","https://openalex.org/W3022179362","https://openalex.org/W3098485826","https://openalex.org/W3106811464","https://openalex.org/W3146944767","https://openalex.org/W3193569972","https://openalex.org/W4327550249","https://openalex.org/W4388515776","https://openalex.org/W4405119756"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2352440174","https://openalex.org/W4309440960","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W2062168445","https://openalex.org/W4292002379","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W4294635752","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurately":[0],"identifying":[1],"associations":[2,35],"between":[3],"human":[4,21,33,92,155],"genes":[5],"(proteins)":[6],"and":[7,16,46,62,79,103,110,120,138],"clinical":[8,26],"phenotypes":[9],"is":[10],"critical":[11,98],"for":[12,31],"advancing":[13],"drug":[14],"development":[15],"precision":[17],"medicine.":[18],"While":[19],"the":[20,89,129,134,143,152],"phenotype":[22],"ontology":[23,117],"(HPO)":[24],"standardizes":[25],"phenotypes,":[27],"current":[28],"computational":[29],"approaches":[30],"predicting":[32],"protein-phenotype":[34],"suffer":[36],"from":[37,83],"two":[38],"limitations:":[39],"(1)":[40],"underutilization":[41],"of":[42,49,91,131,145,154],"multimodal":[43,73,147],"protein-related":[44],"information":[45,101],"(2)":[47],"lack":[48],"state-of-the-art":[50,135],"deep":[51],"learning":[52,81],"representations":[53],"tailored":[54],"to":[55,87,150],"diverse":[56,77],"data":[57,85,108,149],"modalities,":[58],"such":[59],"as":[60],"text":[61],"sequence.":[63],"To":[64],"overcome":[65],"these":[66],"limitations,":[67],"we":[68],"introduce":[69],"MultiFusion2HPO,":[70],"a":[71],"novel":[72],"model":[74],"that":[75],"integrates":[76],"features":[78],"advanced":[80],"methods":[82],"multiple":[84],"sources":[86],"enhance":[88],"prediction":[90],"protein-HPO":[93,156],"associations.":[94],"MultiFusion2HPO":[95,132],"leverages":[96],"five":[97],"modalities:":[99],"textual":[100],"(TFIDF-D2V":[102],"BioLinkBERT":[104],"embeddings),":[105],"protein":[106,148],"sequence":[107],"(InterPro":[109],"ESM2),":[111],"protein-protein":[112],"interaction":[113],"(PPI)":[114],"networks,":[115],"gene":[116,121],"(GO)":[118],"annotation,":[119],"expression.":[122],"Comprehensive":[123],"experiments":[124],"on":[125],"benchmark":[126],"datasets":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"superiority":[130],"over":[133],"methods,":[136],"DeepPheno":[137],"HPOLabeler.":[139],"These":[140],"results":[141],"underscore":[142],"effectiveness":[144],"integrating":[146],"improve":[151],"accuracy":[153],"association":[157],"predictions.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}