{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323065787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2023.3252276","title":"WVDL: Weighted Voting Deep Learning Model for Predicting RNA-Protein Binding Sites","display_name":"WVDL: Weighted Voting Deep Learning Model for Predicting RNA-Protein Binding Sites","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323065787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2023.3252276","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37028092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2023.3252276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2023.3252276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036870534","display_name":"Zhengsen Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182707071","display_name":"Ludong University","ror":"https://ror.org/028h95t32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengsen Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060143865","display_name":"Shusen Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1081-2542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182707071","display_name":"Ludong University","ror":"https://ror.org/028h95t32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shusen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1081-2542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392605","display_name":"Tong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-8117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182707071","display_name":"Ludong University","ror":"https://ror.org/028h95t32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-8117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001777432","display_name":"Chanjuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3686-0451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182707071","display_name":"Ludong University","ror":"https://ror.org/028h95t32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chanjuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005413901","display_name":"Mujun Zang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-6023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182707071","display_name":"Ludong University","ror":"https://ror.org/028h95t32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mujun Zang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-6023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686407","display_name":"Qingjun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3516-1514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182707071","display_name":"Ludong University","ror":"https://ror.org/028h95t32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingjun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182707071"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7118,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83885597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"3322","last_page":"3328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10604","display_name":"RNA Research and Splicing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11482","display_name":"RNA modifications and cancer","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7573370933532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.7516212463378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.67823326587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.66035395860672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.559738039970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5466480851173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majority-rule","display_name":"Majority rule","score":0.5402706265449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5165892839431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5096621513366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.43373903632164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35603857040405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3261854946613312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7573370933532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.7516212463378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.67823326587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.66035395860672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.559738039970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5466480851173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153668964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27636","display_name":"Majority rule","level":2,"score":0.5402706265449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5165892839431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5096621513366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.43373903632164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35603857040405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3261854946613312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001665","descriptor_name":"Binding Sites","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001665","descriptor_name":"Binding Sites","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001665","descriptor_name":"Binding Sites","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001665","descriptor_name":"Binding Sites","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011485","descriptor_name":"Protein Binding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011485","descriptor_name":"Protein Binding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011485","descriptor_name":"Protein Binding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011485","descriptor_name":"Protein Binding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016601","descriptor_name":"RNA-Binding Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016601","descriptor_name":"RNA-Binding Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016601","descriptor_name":"RNA-Binding Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016601","descriptor_name":"RNA-Binding Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2023.3252276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2023.3252276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37028092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37028092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2570003996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61300155","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3445548413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020MF134","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1019830208","https://openalex.org/W1951403192","https://openalex.org/W1982680051","https://openalex.org/W1984574291","https://openalex.org/W1997535872","https://openalex.org/W2029979788","https://openalex.org/W2041509376","https://openalex.org/W2063798177","https://openalex.org/W2082102894","https://openalex.org/W2103375140","https://openalex.org/W2103777723","https://openalex.org/W2105694586","https://openalex.org/W2108191354","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2136735223","https://openalex.org/W2158266834","https://openalex.org/W2159249646","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2198606573","https://openalex.org/W2245239316","https://openalex.org/W2255466643","https://openalex.org/W2311607323","https://openalex.org/W2345512687","https://openalex.org/W2419834209","https://openalex.org/W2789367970","https://openalex.org/W2799487719","https://openalex.org/W2892221324","https://openalex.org/W2893880892","https://openalex.org/W2901218091","https://openalex.org/W2918598256","https://openalex.org/W2939354476","https://openalex.org/W3036197410","https://openalex.org/W3183966140","https://openalex.org/W4225014121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W3121841074","https://openalex.org/W2901018557","https://openalex.org/W2055572829","https://openalex.org/W1894159578","https://openalex.org/W4297796115","https://openalex.org/W3125086856","https://openalex.org/W2913388591","https://openalex.org/W3007653948","https://openalex.org/W1957831838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"RNA-binding":[0],"proteins":[1],"are":[2],"important":[3],"for":[4,30],"the":[5,84,91,112,117,123],"process":[6],"of":[7,88,146],"cell":[8],"life":[9],"activities.":[10],"High-throughput":[11],"technique":[12],"experimental":[13],"method":[14,38,66],"to":[15,39,67,110],"discover":[16],"RNA-protein":[17,32],"binding":[18,33],"sites":[19],"is":[20,26],"time-consuming":[21],"and":[22,79,95],"expensive.":[23],"Deep":[24],"learning":[25,59],"an":[27],"effective":[28,104],"theory":[29],"predicting":[31],"sites.":[34],"Using":[35],"weighted":[36,56,64,108,114],"voting":[37,57,65,109],"integrate":[40],"multiple":[41],"basic":[42,92],"classifier":[43,93],"models":[44,94],"can":[45,101,121,150],"improve":[46],"model":[47,60,119],"performance.":[48],"Thus,":[49],"in":[50,153],"our":[51,147],"study,":[52],"we":[53],"propose":[54],"a":[55,130],"deep":[58],"(WVDL),":[61],"which":[62],"uses":[63],"combine":[68],"convolutional":[69],"neural":[70],"network":[71,77,81],"(CNN),":[72],"long":[73],"short":[74],"term":[75],"memory":[76],"(LSTM)":[78],"residual":[80],"(ResNet).":[82],"First,":[83],"final":[85],"forecast":[86],"result":[87,133],"WVDL":[89,100,128,149],"outperforms":[90],"other":[96,140],"ensemble":[97],"strategies.":[98],"Second,":[99],"extract":[102],"more":[103],"features":[105],"by":[106],"using":[107],"find":[111],"best":[113],"combination.":[115],"And,":[116],"CNN":[118],"also":[120],"draw":[122],"predicted":[124],"motif":[125],"pictures.":[126],"Third,":[127],"gets":[129],"competitive":[131],"experiment":[132],"on":[134],"public":[135],"RBP-24":[136],"datasets":[137],"comparing":[138],"with":[139],"state-of-the-art":[141],"methods.":[142],"The":[143],"source":[144],"code":[145],"proposed":[148],"be":[151],"found":[152],"https://github.com/biomg/WVDL.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}