{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321483997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2023.3247483","title":"A Deep Learning Method for Pneumonia Detection Based on Fuzzy Non-Maximum Suppression","display_name":"A Deep Learning Method for Pneumonia Detection Based on Fuzzy Non-Maximum Suppression","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321483997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2023.3247483","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37027655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2023.3247483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2023.3247483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114804221","display_name":"Hongli Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-3589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55538621","display_name":"China Jiliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1y0t93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongli Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province), China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province), China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073242966","display_name":"Huijuan Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55538621","display_name":"China Jiliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1y0t93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huijuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province), China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province), China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077659715","display_name":"Mingzhu Ping","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151935","display_name":"Dahua Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04k9ktn61","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingzhu Ping","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Dahua Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Dahua Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038915032","display_name":"Wenjie Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55538621","display_name":"China Jiliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1y0t93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province), China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province), China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032277491","display_name":"Zhao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-0351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114804221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74113256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"902","last_page":"911"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6190537214279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumonia","display_name":"Pneumonia","score":0.5511757731437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5497180223464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.5243749618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5113686919212341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5045124292373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4423920512199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43721070885658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4228343963623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.415913462638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3917047083377838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33471769094467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1916481852531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11516639590263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06634092330932617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6190537214279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.5511757731437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5497180223464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5243749618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5113686919212341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5045124292373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4423920512199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43721070885658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4228343963623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.415913462638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3917047083377838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33471769094467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1916481852531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11516639590263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06634092330932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2023.3247483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2023.3247483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37027655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37027655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5842762751","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY21F020028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2144506857","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2606844919","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2726945914","https://openalex.org/W2806070179","https://openalex.org/W2884319684","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2886848602","https://openalex.org/W2897806204","https://openalex.org/W2908336206","https://openalex.org/W2914203365","https://openalex.org/W2928165649","https://openalex.org/W2946742527","https://openalex.org/W2948666538","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2964080601","https://openalex.org/W2964121718","https://openalex.org/W2968605358","https://openalex.org/W2979437960","https://openalex.org/W3006472059","https://openalex.org/W3008874180","https://openalex.org/W3009362773","https://openalex.org/W3013134080","https://openalex.org/W3024836211","https://openalex.org/W3025948831","https://openalex.org/W3029443186","https://openalex.org/W3033272814","https://openalex.org/W3047125043","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W3120013103","https://openalex.org/W3127743092","https://openalex.org/W3133873791","https://openalex.org/W3159562992","https://openalex.org/W3164675724","https://openalex.org/W3175314453","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6714138976"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W4294635752","https://openalex.org/W4304166257","https://openalex.org/W4383066092","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W2804383999","https://openalex.org/W4327774331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pneumonia":[0],"is":[1,144,168],"one":[2],"of":[3,7,22,44,72,159,187],"the":[4,10,20,25,36,41,45,69,97,104,119,123,128,133,152,156,165,180,185,188,192,196],"largest":[5],"causes":[6],"death":[8],"in":[9,24,122,195],"world.":[11],"Deep":[12],"learning":[13,53],"techniques":[14],"can":[15],"assist":[16],"doctors":[17],"to":[18,67],"detect":[19],"areas":[21],"pneumonia":[23,46,59,181,197],"chest":[26],"X-rays":[27],"images.":[28],"However,":[29],"existing":[30,108],"methods":[31,109],"lack":[32],"sufficient":[33],"consideration":[34],"for":[35,58],"large":[37],"variation":[38],"scale":[39],"and":[40,127,141,148,173,191],"blurred":[42],"boundary":[43],"area.":[47],"Here,":[48],"we":[49,62,75,102],"present":[50],"a":[51,77,90],"deep":[52],"method":[54,194],"based":[55],"on":[56,179],"Retinanet":[57,66],"detection.":[60],"First,":[61],"introduce":[63],"Res2Net":[64,142],"into":[65],"get":[68,103],"multi-scale":[70],"feature":[71],"pneumonia.":[73],"Then,":[74],"proposed":[76,193],"novel":[78],"predicted":[79,93,160],"boxes":[80,161,175],"fusion":[81],"algorithm,":[82],"named":[83],"Fuzzy":[84],"Non-Maximum":[85],"Suppression":[86],"(FNMS),":[87],"which":[88],"gets":[89],"more":[91],"robust":[92],"box":[94],"by":[95,110,164],"fusing":[96],"overlapping":[98],"detection":[99,182,198],"boxes.":[100],"Finally,":[101],"performance":[105],"outperforms":[106],"than":[107,146,170],"integrating":[111],"two":[112],"models":[113],"with":[114,138],"different":[115],"backbones.":[116],"We":[117],"report":[118],"experimental":[120],"result":[121],"single":[124,134],"model":[125,129,135,153],"case":[126],"ensemble":[130,154],"case.":[131],"In":[132,151],"case,":[136,155],"RetinaNet":[137,147],"FNMS":[139,166,189],"algorithm":[140,167,190],"backbone":[143],"better":[145,169],"other":[149],"models.":[150],"final":[157],"score":[158],"that":[162],"fused":[163],"NMS,":[171],"Soft-NMS,":[172],"weighted":[174],"fusion.":[176],"Experimental":[177],"results":[178],"dataset":[183],"verify":[184],"superiority":[186],"task.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}