{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3080945644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2020.3020016","title":"Relation Extraction From Biomedical and Clinical Text: Unified Multitask Learning Framework","display_name":"Relation Extraction From Biomedical and Clinical Text: Unified Multitask Learning Framework","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3080945644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2020.3020016","mag":"3080945644","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32853152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2020.3020016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2020.3020016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021680636","display_name":"Shweta Yadav","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shweta Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Srivatsa Ramesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3985-1211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srivatsa Ramesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025979359","display_name":"Sriparna Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5494-9391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sriparna Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085370631","display_name":"Asif Ekbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3612-8834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asif Ekbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021680636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5873,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90657137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"1105","last_page":"1116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-extraction","display_name":"Relationship extraction","score":0.8795821666717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.75672447681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6301058530807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.6173049211502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.605825662612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5424895286560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5310664176940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-task-learning","display_name":"Multi-task learning","score":0.531053364276886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.527273952960968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4729696810245514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4559831917285919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.4476100206375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4149690270423889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.4143086373806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4135560393333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3803686797618866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.30298811197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.21514183282852173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153604712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310755","display_name":"Relationship extraction","level":3,"score":0.8795821666717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.75672447681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6301058530807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6173049211502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.605825662612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5424895286560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5310664176940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28006648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934509","display_name":"Multi-task learning","level":3,"score":0.531053364276886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.527273952960968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4729696810245514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4559831917285919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4476100206375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4149690270423889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.4143086373806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4135560393333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3803686797618866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.30298811197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.21514183282852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2020.3020016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2020.3020016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32853152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32853152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151685798","https://openalex.org/W1986704581","https://openalex.org/W1987170279","https://openalex.org/W2024862171","https://openalex.org/W2036935277","https://openalex.org/W2046844528","https://openalex.org/W2048059249","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2064695567","https://openalex.org/W2067704478","https://openalex.org/W2098551466","https://openalex.org/W2104381725","https://openalex.org/W2109070394","https://openalex.org/W2110279753","https://openalex.org/W2121844933","https://openalex.org/W2129367118","https://openalex.org/W2132288458","https://openalex.org/W2136437513","https://openalex.org/W2138627627","https://openalex.org/W2152269015","https://openalex.org/W2155699197","https://openalex.org/W2160238006","https://openalex.org/W2162965868","https://openalex.org/W2166111585","https://openalex.org/W2166474856","https://openalex.org/W2168041406","https://openalex.org/W2182852176","https://openalex.org/W2250619635","https://openalex.org/W2264517602","https://openalex.org/W2370746078","https://openalex.org/W2465246611","https://openalex.org/W2470673105","https://openalex.org/W2485374661","https://openalex.org/W2512456704","https://openalex.org/W2522435748","https://openalex.org/W2556858158","https://openalex.org/W2579132201","https://openalex.org/W2597655663","https://openalex.org/W2612233603","https://openalex.org/W2804174258","https://openalex.org/W2904726360","https://openalex.org/W2962897020","https://openalex.org/W2963171262","https://openalex.org/W2963706121","https://openalex.org/W2964026782","https://openalex.org/W2964036454","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2964348125","https://openalex.org/W6629460809","https://openalex.org/W6636363920","https://openalex.org/W6639480849","https://openalex.org/W6682007918","https://openalex.org/W6684211172","https://openalex.org/W6684800688","https://openalex.org/W6686507923","https://openalex.org/W6691652651","https://openalex.org/W6691652931","https://openalex.org/W6691676073","https://openalex.org/W6691756624","https://openalex.org/W6691791937","https://openalex.org/W6725263112","https://openalex.org/W6727939602","https://openalex.org/W6735377749","https://openalex.org/W6740582320","https://openalex.org/W6740634082","https://openalex.org/W6742525222","https://openalex.org/W6746720330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352298027","https://openalex.org/W4319940250","https://openalex.org/W842810586","https://openalex.org/W2237537322","https://openalex.org/W2092919065","https://openalex.org/W2950678851","https://openalex.org/W4301248618","https://openalex.org/W4236762297","https://openalex.org/W3138801416","https://openalex.org/W2369351710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,28,89,120],"study":[4],"the":[5,30,42,45,53,58,63,82,85,92,100,107,126,135,140,144],"relation":[6,24,31],"extraction":[7,32],"task":[8,96],"from":[9,62],"three":[10],"major":[11],"biomedical":[12,64],"and":[13,21,39,65],"clinical":[14,66],"tasks,":[15],"namely":[16],"drug-drug":[17],"interaction,":[18,20],"protein-protein":[19],"medical":[22],"concept":[23,46],"extraction.":[25],"Towards":[26],"this,":[27],"model":[29,97],"problem":[33],"in":[34],"a":[35],"multi-task":[36],"learning":[37,55,129],"(MTL)framework,":[38],"introduce":[40],"for":[41,57,133],"first":[43],"time":[44],"of":[47,60,71,84,142],"structured":[48],"self-attentive":[49],"network":[50],"complemented":[51],"with":[52],"adversarial":[54],"approach":[56],"prediction":[59],"relationships":[61],"text.":[67],"The":[68,118],"fundamental":[69],"notion":[70],"MTL":[72,116],"is":[73],"to":[74,112],"simultaneously":[75],"learn":[76],"multiple":[77],"problems":[78],"together":[79],"by":[80],"utilizing":[81],"concepts":[83],"shared":[86],"representation.":[87],"Additionally,":[88],"also":[90],"generate":[91],"highly":[93],"efficient":[94],"single":[95],"which":[98],"exploits":[99],"shortest":[101],"dependency":[102],"path":[103],"embedding":[104],"learned":[105],"over":[106,124],"attentive":[108],"gated":[109],"recurrent":[110],"unit":[111],"compare":[113],"our":[114],"proposed":[115],"models.":[117],"framework":[119],"propose":[121],"significantly":[122],"improves":[123],"all":[125,143],"baselines":[127],"(deep":[128],"techniques)and":[130],"single-task":[131],"models":[132],"predicting":[134],"relationships,":[136],"without":[137],"compromising":[138],"on":[139],"performance":[141],"tasks.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}