{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2978866367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2019.2944610","title":"Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Predicting Types of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus","display_name":"Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Predicting Types of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2978866367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2019.2944610","mag":"2978866367","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31567100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2019.2944610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2019.2944610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666283","display_name":"Gaurav Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-2890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gaurav Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071186894","display_name":"Prashant Singh Rana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0142-7925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prashant Singh Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052317739","display_name":"Seema Bawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-4960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seema Bawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100666283"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62343475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1524","last_page":"1534"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12159","display_name":"T-cell and Retrovirus Studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12159","display_name":"T-cell and Retrovirus Studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11560","display_name":"Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12733","display_name":"Vector-Borne Animal Diseases","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropical-spastic-paraparesis","display_name":"Tropical spastic paraparesis","score":0.9328048825263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6168950200080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5997921228408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.559419572353363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4876643419265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4807531535625458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrovirus","display_name":"Retrovirus","score":0.47918665409088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccination","display_name":"Vaccination","score":0.43052446842193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4087076783180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.35690054297447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myelopathy","display_name":"Myelopathy","score":0.2944709062576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus","display_name":"Virus","score":0.283677339553833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776392238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476361","display_name":"Tropical spastic paraparesis","level":4,"score":0.9328048825263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6168950200080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5997921228408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.559419572353363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4876643419265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4807531535625458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778431562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189308","display_name":"Retrovirus","level":3,"score":0.47918665409088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.43052446842193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4087076783180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.35690054297447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777604421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303951","display_name":"Myelopathy","level":3,"score":0.2944709062576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.283677339553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014764","descriptor_name":"Viral Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014764","descriptor_name":"Viral Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014764","descriptor_name":"Viral Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014764","descriptor_name":"Viral Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014764","descriptor_name":"Viral Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014764","descriptor_name":"Viral Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015368","descriptor_name":"Human T-lymphotropic virus 1","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015368","descriptor_name":"Human T-lymphotropic virus 1","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015368","descriptor_name":"Human T-lymphotropic virus 1","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015490","descriptor_name":"HTLV-I Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015490","descriptor_name":"HTLV-I Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015490","descriptor_name":"HTLV-I Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015490","descriptor_name":"HTLV-I Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015490","descriptor_name":"HTLV-I Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015490","descriptor_name":"HTLV-I Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2019.2944610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2019.2944610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31567100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31567100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46659105","https://openalex.org/W175058090","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1519245680","https://openalex.org/W1536886974","https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W1863266496","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W1990368529","https://openalex.org/W1991941671","https://openalex.org/W1996423252","https://openalex.org/W1997868832","https://openalex.org/W2000671825","https://openalex.org/W2005673211","https://openalex.org/W2007618103","https://openalex.org/W2021057394","https://openalex.org/W2021945571","https://openalex.org/W2023919356","https://openalex.org/W2044703561","https://openalex.org/W2048022927","https://openalex.org/W2055626545","https://openalex.org/W2056812563","https://openalex.org/W2057021995","https://openalex.org/W2078089821","https://openalex.org/W2084232810","https://openalex.org/W2086143621","https://openalex.org/W2094397139","https://openalex.org/W2094889474","https://openalex.org/W2103255214","https://openalex.org/W2117812871","https://openalex.org/W2118886215","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2139708012","https://openalex.org/W2140586694","https://openalex.org/W2143908786","https://openalex.org/W2146375628","https://openalex.org/W2149706766","https://openalex.org/W2158797467","https://openalex.org/W2166097710","https://openalex.org/W2282078507","https://openalex.org/W2291513809","https://openalex.org/W2555145663","https://openalex.org/W2588857399","https://openalex.org/W2755308081","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W4244736178","https://openalex.org/W4301264738","https://openalex.org/W6602002561","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6637386731","https://openalex.org/W6639093311","https://openalex.org/W6678914141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3210877509","https://openalex.org/W4225360065","https://openalex.org/W4212852473","https://openalex.org/W3174196512","https://openalex.org/W3200179079","https://openalex.org/W3163334550","https://openalex.org/W2973799232","https://openalex.org/W4295514622","https://openalex.org/W3016925281","https://openalex.org/W4366376591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Life":[0],"threatening":[1],"diseases":[2,11],"like":[3,280,295],"adult":[4],"T-cell":[5,35],"leukemia,":[6],"neurodegenerative":[7],"diseases,":[8],"and":[9,21,60,72,133,181,190,199,243,250,329],"demyelinating":[10],"such":[12],"as":[13,33,269],"HTLV-1":[14,47,122,268,305],"based":[15],"myelopathy/tropical":[16],"spastic":[17],"paraparesis":[18],"(HAM/TSP),":[19],"hypocalcaemia,":[20],"bone":[22],"lesions":[23],"are":[24,101,186,218,311],"caused":[25],"by":[26,188,237,276,349],"a":[27,127,290],"group":[28],"of":[29,40,45,76,85,103,110,140,146,154,174,177,192,213,223,228,246,255,267,274,292,333,354,358],"human":[30],"retrovirus":[31],"known":[32],"Human":[34],"Lymphotropic":[36],"virus":[37,345],"(HTLV).":[38],"Out":[39],"the":[41,58,70,74,86,96,104,131,138,144,147,152,158,172,211,226,256,260,265,271,331,337,344,351,355],"four":[42,193,196,200],"different":[43,175],"types":[44],"HTLVs,":[46],"is":[48,117,126,157,288],"most":[49,84,102],"prominent":[50],"in":[51,68,151,161],"scourging":[52],"over":[53],"20":[54],"million":[55],"people":[56],"around":[57],"world":[59],"still":[61],"not":[62],"much":[63],"effort":[64],"has":[65,234],"been":[66,169,235],"made":[67],"understanding":[69],"epidemiology":[71],"controlling":[73],"prevalence":[75],"this":[77,156],"virus.":[78],"This":[79,253],"condition":[80],"further":[81],"worsens":[82],"when":[83,208],"infected":[87,111],"cases":[88],"remain":[89],"asymptomatic":[90],"throughout":[91],"their":[92],"lifetime":[93],"due":[94],"to":[95,129,220,327],"limited":[97],"diagnostic":[98,135,262],"methods;":[99],"that":[100],"times":[105],"unavailable":[106],"for":[107,121,137,171,264,303],"timely":[108],"detection":[109,139,266],"individuals.":[112],"Moreover,":[113],"at":[114],"present,":[115],"there":[116,125,287],"no":[118],"licensed":[119],"vaccination":[120],"infection.":[123],"Therefore,":[124],"need":[128,291],"develop":[130],"faster":[132],"efficient":[134],"method":[136],"HTLV-1.":[141],"Influenced":[142],"from":[143,306,336],"outcomes":[145],"machine":[148,165],"learning":[149,166],"techniques":[150,167,185,316,323],"field":[153],"bio-informatics,":[155],"first":[159],"study":[160],"which":[162],"64":[163],"hybrid":[164,184,206,232,322],"have":[168],"proposed":[170,205,321],"prediction":[173],"type":[176,227],"HTLVs":[178],"(HTLV-1,":[179],"HTLV-2,":[180],"HTLV-3).":[182],"The":[183,204,230,320],"built":[187],"permutation":[189],"combination":[191],"classification":[194],"methods,":[195],"feature":[197,201],"weighting,":[198],"selection":[202],"techniques.":[203],"models":[207],"evaluated":[209],"on":[210],"basis":[212],"various":[214,277,318],"model":[215,233],"evaluation":[216],"parameters":[217],"found":[219],"be":[221,325,347],"capable":[222],"efficiently":[224],"predicting":[225],"HTLVs.":[229,359],"best":[231],"identified":[236],"having":[238],"accuracy,":[239],"an":[240],"AUROC":[241],"value,":[242],"F1":[244],"score":[245],"99.85":[247],"percent,":[248],"0.99,":[249,251],"respectively.":[252],"kind":[254],"system":[257,263],"can":[258,324,346],"assist":[259],"current":[261],"after":[270],"molecular":[272],"diagnostics":[273],"HTLV":[275],"screening":[278],"tests":[279,294,310],"enzyme-linked":[281],"immunoassay":[282],"or":[283,300],"particle":[284],"agglutination":[285],"assays":[286],"always":[289],"confirmatory":[293,309,334],"western":[296],"blotting,":[297],"immuno-fluorescence":[298],"assay,":[299],"radio-immuno-precipitation":[301],"assay":[302],"distinguishing":[304],"HTLV-2.":[307],"These":[308],"indeed":[312],"very":[313],"complex":[314],"analytical":[315],"involving":[317],"steps.":[319],"used":[326],"support":[328],"verify":[330],"results":[332],"test":[335],"protein":[338,356],"mixture.":[339],"Furthermore,":[340],"better":[341],"insights":[342],"about":[343],"obtained":[348],"exploring":[350],"physicochemical":[352],"properties":[353],"sequences":[357]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}