{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889607075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2018.2868346","title":"Integrating Language Model and Reading Control Gate in BLSTM-CRF for Biomedical Named Entity Recognition","display_name":"Integrating Language Model and Reading Control Gate in BLSTM-CRF for Biomedical Named Entity Recognition","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889607075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2018.2868346","mag":"2889607075","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30183643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2018.2868346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2018.2868346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082868235","display_name":"Lishuang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lishuang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101815953","display_name":"Yuxin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-5116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082868235"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79722328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"841","last_page":"846"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8342837691307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.7952769994735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6705707907676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6694074273109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.5497546195983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.5294104814529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.5139284133911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5047158002853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5035354495048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.46336764097213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42200326919555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36947280168533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17179211974143982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06321066617965698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8342837691307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.7952769994735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6705707907676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6694074273109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.5497546195983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5294104814529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5139284133911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5047158002853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5035354495048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.46336764097213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42200326919555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36947280168533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17179211974143982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06321066617965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2018.2868346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2018.2868346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30183643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30183643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3046329477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6908809","https://openalex.org/W1940872118","https://openalex.org/W2020255380","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2095444228","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2103316358","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2158899491","https://openalex.org/W2205981794","https://openalex.org/W2251599843","https://openalex.org/W2293800304","https://openalex.org/W2296283641","https://openalex.org/W2488984245","https://openalex.org/W2528700057","https://openalex.org/W2552553554","https://openalex.org/W2560939934","https://openalex.org/W2952230511","https://openalex.org/W2963625095","https://openalex.org/W2963706742","https://openalex.org/W4297748452","https://openalex.org/W6600284362","https://openalex.org/W6640362995","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6683738474","https://openalex.org/W6685810106","https://openalex.org/W6688249692","https://openalex.org/W6730033830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199871245","https://openalex.org/W2915436880","https://openalex.org/W4285819037","https://openalex.org/W3198729192","https://openalex.org/W3121292129","https://openalex.org/W1964783010","https://openalex.org/W2800535933","https://openalex.org/W3123942215","https://openalex.org/W2375873920","https://openalex.org/W4387517132"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biomedical":[0],"named":[1],"entity":[2],"recognition":[3],"(Bio-NER)":[4],"is":[5,87,105,155],"an":[6,98,144],"important":[7],"preliminary":[8],"step":[9],"for":[10,20,76],"many":[11],"biomedical":[12],"text":[13],"mining":[14],"tasks.":[15],"The":[16,128],"current":[17],"mainstream":[18],"methods":[19,41],"NER":[21],"are":[22,118],"based":[23],"on":[24,132],"the":[25,30,90,94,102,121,133,160],"neural":[26,163],"networks":[27,91],"to":[28,92,107,110,123],"avoid":[29],"complex":[31],"hand-designed":[32],"features":[33,50],"derived":[34],"from":[35],"various":[36],"linguistic":[37],"analyses.":[38],"However,":[39],"these":[40],"ignore":[42],"some":[43],"potential":[44,113],"sentence-level":[45,71,82],"semantic":[46,52],"information":[47],"and":[48,53,70,101,154],"general":[49],"of":[51,97,146],"syntactic.":[54],"Therefore,":[55],"we":[56],"propose":[57],"a":[58,81],"novel":[59],"Long":[60],"Short":[61],"Term":[62],"Memory":[63],"(LSTM)":[64],"Networks":[65],"model":[66,69,104,109],"integrating":[67],"language":[68,103],"reading":[72,83],"control":[73,84],"gate":[74,85],"(LS-BLSTM-CRF)":[75],"Bio-NER.":[77],"In":[78],"our":[79,108,140],"model,":[80],"(SC)":[86],"inserted":[88],"into":[89],"integrate":[93],"implicit":[95],"meaning":[96],"entire":[99],"sentence":[100],"integrated":[106],"learn":[111],"richer":[112],"features.":[114],"Besides,":[115],"character-level":[116],"embeddings":[117],"introduced":[119],"as":[120],"input":[122],"deal":[124],"with":[125],"out-of-vocabulary":[126],"words.":[127],"experimental":[129],"results":[130],"conducted":[131],"BioCreative":[134],"II":[135],"GM":[136],"corpus":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"method":[141],"can":[142],"achieve":[143],"F-score":[145],"89.94":[147],"percent,":[148],"which":[149],"outperforms":[150],"all":[151],"state-of-the-art":[152],"systems":[153],"1.33":[156],"percent":[157],"higher":[158],"than":[159],"best":[161],"performing":[162],"networks.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
