{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2586838732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2016.2631164","title":"Fast and Scalable Feature Selection for Gene Expression Data Using Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion","display_name":"Fast and Scalable Feature Selection for Gene Expression Data Using Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2586838732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2016.2631164","mag":"2586838732","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28182548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2016.2631164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2016.2631164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031884787","display_name":"Mehrdad J. Gangeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2907-3014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323843004","display_name":"Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03wefcv03","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802362269","display_name":"Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05pr37258","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110535807","https://openalex.org/I2802362269"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrdad J. Gangeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biophysics, and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","Department of Radiation Oncology, and Imaging Research-Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biophysics, and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, and Imaging Research-Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004","https://openalex.org/I2802362269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030999086","display_name":"Hadi Zarkoob","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Zarkoob","raw_affiliation_strings":["BaseHealth Inc., Sunnyvale, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BaseHealth Inc., Sunnyvale, CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040035859","display_name":"Ali Ghodsi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-246X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Ghodsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6825,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83805654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"167","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.6953784227371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.6612981557846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5333908200263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.4983334541320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4862881600856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4654788374900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.45140090584754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39744818210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36703741550445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36264532804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.3306282162666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2766760587692261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.23930314183235168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17121049761772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.11576268076896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.0765276849269867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07637262344360352}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6953784227371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.6612981557846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5333908200263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4983334541320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4862881600856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4654788374900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.45140090584754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39744818210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36703741550445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36264532804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3306282162666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2766760587692261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23930314183235168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17121049761772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11576268076896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0765276849269867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07637262344360352}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020543","descriptor_name":"Proteome","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020543","descriptor_name":"Proteome","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020543","descriptor_name":"Proteome","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2016.2631164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2016.2631164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28182548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28182548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7025431400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PDF-454649-2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144440563","https://openalex.org/W226708447","https://openalex.org/W1520812622","https://openalex.org/W1576213419","https://openalex.org/W1638081485","https://openalex.org/W1727290854","https://openalex.org/W1966701961","https://openalex.org/W1966872876","https://openalex.org/W1972949070","https://openalex.org/W1976564639","https://openalex.org/W1979300931","https://openalex.org/W1986280275","https://openalex.org/W2007800125","https://openalex.org/W2017337590","https://openalex.org/W2023313804","https://openalex.org/W2038894244","https://openalex.org/W2043929537","https://openalex.org/W2050460554","https://openalex.org/W2052503178","https://openalex.org/W2088851040","https://openalex.org/W2097413644","https://openalex.org/W2098290597","https://openalex.org/W2101267652","https://openalex.org/W2109363337","https://openalex.org/W2112552549","https://openalex.org/W2113600901","https://openalex.org/W2122649297","https://openalex.org/W2124225314","https://openalex.org/W2128448396","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2133410935","https://openalex.org/W2133671203","https://openalex.org/W2137334613","https://openalex.org/W2140067190","https://openalex.org/W2140106205","https://openalex.org/W2143426320","https://openalex.org/W2145544165","https://openalex.org/W2147152072","https://openalex.org/W2147246240","https://openalex.org/W2149870286","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2154884142","https://openalex.org/W2155065436","https://openalex.org/W2157531738","https://openalex.org/W2293888570","https://openalex.org/W2615253071","https://openalex.org/W2993845287","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4293241248","https://openalex.org/W6605866200","https://openalex.org/W6608896378","https://openalex.org/W6634338208","https://openalex.org/W6676726796","https://openalex.org/W6678356451","https://openalex.org/W6680823993","https://openalex.org/W6681474176","https://openalex.org/W6683157813","https://openalex.org/W7066667914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W3125750421","https://openalex.org/W4235240664","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W2757182831","https://openalex.org/W1838576100","https://openalex.org/W2095886385","https://openalex.org/W2889616422","https://openalex.org/W4386564352","https://openalex.org/W2952668426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GOAL:":[0],"In":[1],"computational":[2],"biology,":[3],"selecting":[4],"a":[5,17,45,53],"small":[6],"subset":[7,46],"of":[8,23,25,47,112,124,130,133],"informative":[9,50],"genes":[10,51,161],"from":[11,66],"microarray":[12,183],"data":[13,37,69,207,210],"continues":[14],"to":[15,20,43,99,107,185,196],"be":[16,105,186,194,212],"challenge":[18],"due":[19],"the":[21,32,39,48,77,125,134,153,181],"presence":[22],"thousands":[24],"genes.":[26],"This":[27,199],"paper":[28],"aims":[29],"at":[30],"quantifying":[31],"dependence":[33],"between":[34],"gene":[35,67],"expression":[36,68],"and":[38,42,55,82,97,118,138,145,157,190,214],"response":[40,113,120,172],"variables":[41,114],"identifying":[44],"most":[49],"using":[52,142],"fast":[54,96],"scalable":[56,98],"multivariate":[57],"algorithm.":[58],"METHODS:":[59],"A":[60],"novel":[61],"algorithm":[62,73,93,127,155],"for":[63,168],"feature":[64],"selection":[65],"was":[70,74,83,140],"developed.":[71],"The":[72,92,122,148,175],"based":[75],"on":[76],"Hilbert-Schmidt":[78],"independence":[79],"criterion":[80],"(HSIC),":[81],"partly":[84],"motivated":[85],"by":[86],"singular":[87],"value":[88],"decomposition":[89],"(SVD).":[90],"RESULTS:":[91],"is":[94,201],"computationally":[95],"large":[100,197,213],"datasets.":[101,147,198],"Moreover,":[102],"it":[103],"can":[104,192,211],"applied":[106],"problems":[108],"with":[109,162,170],"any":[110],"type":[111],"including,":[115],"biclass,":[116],"multiclass,":[117],"continuous":[119],"variables.":[121,173],"performance":[123],"proposed":[126,154,176],"in":[128,166,188,205],"terms":[129],"accuracy,":[131],"stability":[132],"selected":[135],"genes,":[136],"speed,":[137],"scalability":[139],"evaluated":[141],"both":[143],"synthetic":[144],"real-world":[146],"simulation":[149],"results":[150],"demonstrated":[151],"that":[152],"effectively":[156],"efficiently":[158],"extracted":[159],"stable":[160],"high":[163],"predictive":[164],"capability,":[165],"particular":[167],"datasets":[169],"multiclass":[171],"CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE:":[174],"method":[177],"does":[178],"not":[179],"require":[180],"whole":[182],"dataset":[184],"stored":[187],"memory,":[189],"thus":[191],"easily":[193],"scaled":[195],"capability":[200],"an":[202],"important":[203],"attribute":[204],"big":[206],"analytics,":[208],"where":[209],"massively":[215],"distributed.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
